Tsika, vadzidzisi vakadzidzisa kuongororwa mumuviri
Isu tinofunga muenzaniso unoshandisa zvikwata zvakawandisa zvevarairidzi (spis) uye yechina ekurapa vadzidzi vadzidzi (ms4s) kudzidzisa makirasi emuviri kune vadzidzi vanonyora, vachishandisa kudzidza kwakazara uye kwakabatsira kudzidza.
Kuongorora kwePre-sevhisi, MS4 uye vadzidzi veSpi vakaratidza mafungiro akanaka echirongwa, vane vadzidzi veMS4 vachishuma kukosha kukuru mukuzivikanwa kwavo sevadzidzisi. Pre-yekudzidzira evadzidzi 'kuita pane chitubu Clinical hunyanzvi bvunzo dzaive dzakaenzana kana nani pane yavo yekutanga-pre-primiters vezera' kuita.
Iyo Spi-ms4 timu inogona kudzidzisa zvinobudirira vadzidzi vechisimba nemakirini uye kiriniki hwaro hwekuongorora kwemuviri.
Vadzidzi vatsva vekurapa (pre-pre-vekurapa vadzidzi) Dzidza kuongororwa kwepanyama kwepanyama (pe) pakutanga kwechikoro chekurapa. Mufambiro yemhando dzedzidzo dzedzidzo yevadzidzi vechikoro vanogadzirira. Netsika, kushandiswa kwevadzidzisi kunewo zvakashata, kureva: 1) zvinodhura; 3) Ivo vakaoma kutora; 4) Ivo vakaoma kumira; 5) nuanance ingamuka; Akarasikirwa nezvikanganiso uye zviri pachena [1, 2] 6) anogona kunge asina kujaira nzira dzekudzidzisa-dzidziso (3] 7) dzinganzwa kuti kugona kudzidzisa kwekudzidzisa kwakakwana [4];
Kubudirira kurovedza muviri mhando dzavandudziro dzichishandisa varwere chaivo [5], vadzidzi vekurapa vekurapa kana vagari [6, 7] uye vakarara [8] sevarairidzi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ese emhando idzi mune zvakajairika kuti kuita kwevadzidzi muzvidzidzo zvemuviri hazvidungamire nekuda kwekusasarudzika kwekutora kwevadzidzisi [5, 7]. Nekudaro, taura zvevadzidzisi vanoshaya ruzivo mumakirinari mamiriro [9], izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune vadzidzi kuti vazokwanisa kushandisa yedhisheni data kuti muedze hypothoses. Kuti ugadzirise kukosha kwekutora uye mamiriro echirongwa mukudzidzisa kwepanyama, boka revadzidzisi rakawedzera hypothanas-drive inorodza kudzidzisa kwavo [10]. PaGeorge Washington Yunivhesiti (Mufananidzo 1) Spi rakapetwa naMS4 kudzidzisa pe kune vanodzidzisa. Spi inopa hunyanzvi mune mechanics ye ms4 yekuongorora mumamiriro ekiriniki. Iyi muenzaniso inoshandisa yekubatana kudzidza, iyo ishandiso ine simba yekudzidza [11]. Nekuti SP inoshandiswa munenge pazvikoro zvese zveUnited States uye nezvikoro zvakawanda zvepasi rose [12, 13], uye zvikoro zvakawanda zvekurapa zvine zvirongwa zvemudzidzi, iyi modhi ine mukana wekunyorera. Chinangwa chechinyorwa ichi ndechekutsanangura iyi yakasarudzika spi-ms4 timu mutambo wekudzidzisa muenzaniso (Mufananidzo 1).
Tsananguro pfupi yeiyo MS4-Spi inoshanda yekudzidza muenzaniso. MS4: Yechina Year Medical mudzidzi Spi: Yakamira Murwere murayiridzi;
Iyo inodiwa kuongororwa kwemuviri Zvimwe zvikamu: 1) Clinical clination 2) kubvunzana; 3) Fomu rekuumba Exercises osce; 4) Kudzidziswa kwekiriniki (kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekiriniki nekushandisa varapi); 5) kudzidzisa kwekukura kwehunyanzvi; PDX inoshanda mumapoka evana 4-5 evadzidzi vanoshanda pane imwechete Spi-ms4 timu, kusangana ka6 pagore kwemaawa matatu. Saizi yekirasi ingangoita vadzidzi vechishanu, uye gore rega rega pakati pe60 kusvika makumi matanhatu nevaviri vadzidzi vakasarudzwa sevadzidzisi vePDX makosi ePDX.
MS4s vanowana kudzidziswa kwemudzidzisi kuburikidza nehurukuro dzedu (dzidziso yeruzivo uye hunyanzvi) mudzidzisi wepamberi, izvo zvinosanganisira mashandiro emisangano pakudzidza kwemitemo yekudzidza, hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa, uye kupa mhinduro [14]. Spis inovandudza chirongwa chakasimba chekudzidzisa chidzidzo chakagadzirwa nekirasi yedu Simulation Center Mubatsiri Director Director (Jo). SP makosi akarongeka akatenderedza nhungamiro dzevadzidzisi dzinosanganisira nheyo dzekufunda kwevanhu vakuru, dzidziso dzekufunda, uye hutungamiri hweboka uye kukurudzira. Kunyanya, Spi Kudzidziswa uye mamiriro ezvinhu anoitika mune akati wandei zvikamu, kutanga muzhizha uye kuenderera mberi gore rose rechikoro. Zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira kudzidzisa, kutaurirana uye kuitisa makirasi; kuti chidzidzo chinoenderana sei mune zvakasara zvekukoshesa; Maitiro ekupa mhinduro; Maitiro ekuita maitiro ekurovedza muviri uye nekuvadzidzisa kuvadzidzi. Kuti uongorore kugona kwechirongwa, spis inofanira kupfuudza bvunzo yekuisa inotumirwa neiyo SP Faculy Nhengo.
MS4 naSpi vakatorawo chikamu mumusangano wemaawa maviri pamwe chete kuti utsanangure mabasa avo ekuwedzera mukuronga uye kushandisa iyo curriculum uye kuongorora vadzidzi vachipinda pre-yekudzidziswa kwekutanga. Chimiro chekutanga cheMusangano Chinyorwa Chakanga chiri Model modhi Kushanda pamwe chete sevadzidzisi kunowirirana neyezvemagariro uye zviitiko zvekutsvaga zvekudzidza: Kudzidza kwakagadzirwa mukutsinhana kwenzvimbo pakati penhengo dzechikwata [17].
Iyo PDX CURRICULUM yakarongedzwa kutenderedza iyo core uye core (c + c) yekudzidzisa [18] yekudzidzisa Pe muchirongwa chemwedzi gumi nemisere, neyakagwinya cluster. Vadzidzi vanozotanga kudzidza chikamu chekutanga cheC + C, mumwe-40-Mubvunzo Motor bvunzo kufukidza makuru organts system. Iyo baseline bvunzo ndeyekunyorwa uye inoshanda muviri bvunzo dzisinganyatsoziva kuteedzera pane kuongororwa kwetsika. Mabvunzo akakodzera akanakisa ekugadzirira vadzidzi nekuda kwekutanga kwekiriniki uye anogamuchirwa nezvikoro zvakawanda. Vadzidzi vanobva vaenda kuChikamu chechipiri cheC + C, iyo yekuongorora cluster, iyo iboka re hypothesis Kurwadza kwechipfuva muenzaniso wekiriniki kuratidzwa kwekiriniki (tafura 1). Masango anobvisa zviitiko zvepamusoro kubva mukunyorwa kwekubvunzwa (semuenzaniso, basa rekuwedzera, uye anobatsira mabasa anobatsira ekudzora (semuenzaniso, kuteerera kwemwoyo wekuwedzera kurira muDealeral decubitus. C + C inodzidziswa pamusoro pemwedzi gumi nemanomwe uye iyo nhamba inoenderera mberi, nevadzidzi kutanga kudzidziswa mumotokari dzinosvika makumi mana emuchaita uye ipapo, uchifamba mumapoka ekiriniki unomiririra organ system system module. Zviitiko zvezvidzidzo zvemudzidzi (semuenzaniso, kurwadziwa kwechipfuva uye kupfupika kwemweya panguva yekufema panguva yemakiriyorespiratory blockde) (Tafura 2).
Mukugadzirira kwePdx Course, vadzidzi vePre-vanachiremba vanodzidza vakakodzera enjedzo protocols (Mufananidzo 2) uye kudzidziswa kwepanyama muPDICE bhuku, vhidhiyo yekuongorora kwechiziviso, uye mavhidhiyo ekutsanangura. Iyo nguva yakazara inodikanwa kuti vadzidzi vagadzirire iyo kosi ingangoita makumi matanhatu nemashanu emaminitsi. Izvo zvinosanganisira kuverenga cluster packet (mapeji 12), kuverenga iyo BHUKU CHITSAUKO (~ Mapeji makumi maviri), uye uchiona vhidhiyo (2-6 maminitsi) [19]. Iyo ms4-spi timu inoitisa misangano nenzira inoenderana uchishandisa chimiro chakataurwa mubhuku ra (Tafura 1). Ivo vanotanga kutora bvunzo yemuromo (kazhinji mibvunzo 5-7) pane pre-chikamu cheruzivo ruzivo (semuenzaniso, ndeipi physiology uye kukosha kweS3? Ndeupi kuongororwa kunotsigira kuvapo kwayo mune kupfupika kwekufema?). Ivo vanobva vaongorora iyo fungidziro yekuongorora uye yakajeka kusava nechokwadi kwevadzidzi vachipinda muzvidzidzo zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo yakasara yekosi ndeyekupedzisira maekisesaizi. Kutanga, vadzidzi vanogadzirira kudzidzira kudzidzira muviri kune mumwe nemumwe uye pane spi uye kupa mhinduro kuchikwata. Pakupedzisira, spi yakavapa nyaya yekudzidza nezve "Diki Rokuumbwa ASCE." Vadzidzi vakashanda vaviri vaviri kuti vaverenge nyaya yacho uye vanozvidza nezve zviitiko zvisina kuraswa zvakaitwa pane spi. Zvadaro, zvichibva pamhedzisiro yefirimu simulation, vadzidzi vepamberi pepamberi vanoisa mberi hypotheses uye zano raigona kuongororwa. Mushure mekosi, iyo spi-ms4 timu yakaongororwa mudzidzi wega wega uye akabva atora kuzvitarisisa uye akaongororwa nzvimbo dzekuvandudza kudzidziswa kunotevera (Tafura 1). Mhinduro chinhu chakakosha chekosi. Spi uye Ms4 inopa pa-bhururu fomu yekugadzira panguva imwe neimwe, sevadzidzi vanoita zvekushandisa pane mumwe nemumwe uye panguva yeMini-Omsi, Spi uye MS4 zvakare inopa zvakare yakarongeka yakanyorwa mhinduro yekufungidzira pakupera kwemesita imwe neimwe. Iyi mhinduro yemhinduro inopinda muInternet Medical Yedzidzo Management System Rubric PaMugumo Imwe neimwe Semester uye inokanganisa giredhi rekupedzisira.
Vadzidzi vachigadzirira nguva yekudyidzana vakagovana pfungwa yavo pachiitiko ichi muongororo yakaitwa neGeorge Washington department rekuongorora uye kutsvakisisa zvedzidzo. Makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe muzana evadzidzi vevadzidzi vakabvumirana zvakanyanya kana vakabvuma kuti iyo yekuongororwa kwenyama yezviyero yaive yakakosha uye yaisanganisira zvirevo zvinotsanangurwa:
"Ndinotenda kuti zvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvemuviri ndidzo dzakanyanya kurapa dzidzo; Semuenzaniso, paunodzidzisa kubva pamaonero emudzidzi wegumi nemana uye murwere, izvo zvinosimbiswa uye zvakasimbiswa nezviri kuitwa mukirasi.
"Spi inopa zano rakanakisa munzira dzinoshanda dzekuita uye dzinopa zano rakanakisa pane zvingangoita kuti vasiye kusagadzikana kune varwere."
"Spi uye ms4 anoshanda zvakanaka pamwe chete uye ipa maonero matsva pakudzidzisa ayo akakosha zvakanyanya. MS4 inopa nzwisiso mune zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa mumhando yekiriniki.
"Ndinoda kuti tisangane kazhinji. Ichi ndicho chikamu chandinofarira chemuitiro wekurapa wekurapa uye ndinonzwa sekunge zvinopera nekukurumidza. "
Pakati pevakabvunzurudzwa, 100% yeSpi (n = 16 [100%]) uye ms4 (n = 44 [77%] 91% uye 93%, zvakateerana, zve spis uye ms4s vakati ivo vaive neruzivo semudzidzisi wePDX; ruzivo rwakanaka rwekushanda pamwe chete.
Ongororo yedu yekuziva yeMS4 yezvakajeka zvezvavakaenda navo pazvinhu zvavo zvavakakonzera kuti vadzidzisi vekutanga: 2) Kugadzirira kudzidzisa: Kuronga yakakodzera chipiniki application, inotarisira mibvunzo yemuBhaibheri, uye kubatana kuti uwane mhinduro; 3) Modeling hunyanzvi; 4) Zvinotarisirwa kwazvo: Kusvika pakutanga uye kusiya kunonoka; 5) Mhinduro: Kutungamira panguva yakakodzera, zvine musoro, kusimbisa uye kunovaka mhinduro; Ipa dzidzo nezano pamazano pane tsika dzekufunda, zvakanakisa sei kupedzisa kuongororwa kwemuviri kuverenga, uye zano rebasa.
Vadzidzi vevadzidzi vanotora chikamu mune matatu-chikamu chekupedzisira Osce bvunzo pakupera kweiyo spring semester. Kuti tiongorore kushanda kwechirongwa chedu, isu takafananidza kuita kwemudzidzi kunosvika muzvikamu zveOsce zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekutanga kweVadzidzi vepamhepo. Kunze kwekusarudzika kwegore re2010 transiti, isu tichienzanisa Osce Spring zviratidzo zveDzidzo Yemuviri wedzidzo ye2007-2009 ine zviratidzo zve 2011-2014. Nhamba yevadzidzi kutora chikamu muOsce yakabuda kubva pa180 kusvika 185 pagore: 532 vadzidzi vari muboka rekupindira uye vadzidzi ve714 muboka revatano-post-kupindira.
Osce Scores Kubva ku2007-2009 uye 2011-2004 Bvunzo dzeRubaruro dzakapfupikiswa, zvinorema nehukuru hwegore. Shandisa maviri samples kuenzanisa iyo cumulative gpa yegore rega rega yenguva yapfuura neiyo cumulative gpa yenguva inotevera uchishandisa T-bvunzo. Iyo GW IRB yekuregerera kudzidza uku uye yakawana mudzidzi kubvuma kusanzwisisazve kushandisa yavo data yekudzidza yekudzidza.
Iyo inoreva kuongorora kwepanyama kuongororwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kubva pa83.4 (n = 532) isati yasvika purogiramu kusvika 89.9, n = 614; 95% CI: 5.6 kusvika 7.4; P <0.0001) (Tafura 3). Nekudaro, sezvo shanduko yekudzidzisa kune vasiri vashandi vekudzidzisa vanozvidzidza nekushanduka muCurriculum, misiyano muOsce Scores haina kutsanangurwa zvakajeka neunyanzvi.
Iyo spi-ms4 timu yekudzidzisa nzira ndiyo nzira yekudzidzira yekudzidzisa ruzivo rwepfungwa dzedzidzo kune vadzidzi vekurapa kuti vagadzirire kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwekiriniki. Izvi zvinopa imwe nzira inoshanda nekukotamedza zvipingamupinyi zvakabatana nekuita kwevadzidzisi. Iyo inopawo kukosha kwakawedzerwa kuchikwata chekudzidzisa uye vadzidzi vavo pre-pre-pre-: Vese vanobatsirwa nekudzidza pamwe chete. Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kufumura vadzidzi usati waita maonero akasiyana uye mhando dzekupindirana [23]. Mamwe maonero anowanikwa mukushanda mukushanda mukudzidza anogadzira nharaunda inovaka [iyo vadzidzi ava vanowana ruzivo kubva kune Dual zvinyorwa: MS4s inobatsirwawo nekudzidzira kubatana, kugadzirira ivo nebasa remangwana rekubvumirana nebasa reAllies rehutano.
Yedu muenzaniso inosanganisirawo zvakanakira kudzidza vezera rekudzidza vezera [24]. Vadzidzi vepamberi pebasa vanobatsirwa nekusazvibata, nharaunda yakachengetedzeka, ms4 kushamwaridzana uye kutevedzera, uye "kudzidziswa kaviri" - kudzidza kwavo kwekutanga kudzidza uye kwevamwe. Vanoratidzawo kuvandudzwa kwavo kwehunyanzvi nekudzidzisa vechidiki uye vanoshandisa mikana inotungamirwa nemudzidzisi kukura uye nekuvandudza kudzidzisa kwavo uye kuongorora. Mukuwedzera, chiitiko chavo chekudzidzisa chinovadzidzisa kuti vave vadzidzisi vanobudirira nekuvadzidzisa kuti vashandise nzira dzekudzidzisa.
Zvidzidzo zvakadzidziswa panguva yekuita kwemuenzaniso uyu. Kutanga, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuoma kwehukama hwepamoyo pakati pehukama pakati peMS4 uye Spi, sedzimwe dhaces dzinoshaya kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekunzwisisa kwakanakisa kushanda pamwe. Mabhiza akajeka, zvinyorwa zvakazara uye mapepa eboka anogamuchira zvinobudirira nyaya idzi. Chechipiri, kudzidziswa kwakadzama kunofanirwa kupihwa kuti uwedzere kudzora mabasa. Nepo miviri yemavara ese anofanira kudzidziswa kudzidzisa, Spi inofanirwawo kudzidziswa mumabatiro aungaita hunyanzvi hwekuongorora kuti MS4 yatove yakashandiswa. Yetatu, kuronga nokungwarira kunodiwa kuti ugone kugarisa ms4's busy purogiramu uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti timu yese iripo kune yega yega yekuongorora yemuviri chikamu. Chechina, zvirongwa zvitsva zvinotarisirwa kutarisana nekumwe kuramba kubva kune runako uye manejimendi, zvine nharo dzakasimba mukuda mari-kushanda kwemutengo;
Mukupfupikisa, iyo Spi-ms-ms yekudzidzira muviri yekudzidzisa inomiririra yakasarudzika uye inoshanda curricular hunyanzvi Sezvo zvingangoita zvese zvikoro zvekurapa muUnited States uye zvikoro zvakawanda zvekunze zvekunze zvinoshandisa SP, uye zvikoro zvakawanda zvekurapa zvine zvirongwa zvemudzidzi, uyu muenzaniso une mukana wekunyorera.
Iyo Dataset yeChidzidzo ichi inowanikwa kubva kuDr Benjamin Blatt, MD, Director weGWU Yekudzidza Center. Data redu rose riripo mukudzidza.
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Kutumira Nguva: May-11-2024