Sezvo denderedzwa-19 denderedzwa, nyika yanga yatanga kutarisisa kune iyo Clinic Dzidziso Basa rezvipatara zvoushe. Kusimbisa kuunganidzwa kwemishonga uye dzidzo uye nekuvandudza kunaka uye kushanda kwechipenyu chekiriniki matambudziko makuru anotarisana nedzidzo yekurapa. Iko kuoma kwekudzidzisa orthopedics yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hunhu hwakajeka, hunopesvedzera kutanga, kushingairira kudzidzisa kwevadzidzi vekurapa. Kudzidza uku kwakawedzera chirongwa chekirasi chakabhururuka zvichienderana neCdio (pfungwa yekugadzira-dhizaini-inoshanda) dzidzo yekurapa. Kudzidzira kirasi kuchawedzera kushanda uye kutarisa.
Vadzidzi vekurapa makumi makumi mashanu vakapedza kudzidza muDhipatimendi reOrthopedi Boka rekupindira rakatora cdice of the cdice of the clipped kirasi yekudzidzisa mhando, nepo boka rekutonga rakatora mhando yechinyakare yekudzidzisa. Apedza mabasa anoshanda eDhipatimendi, mapoka maviri evadzidzi akaongororwa pane dzidziso, hunyanzvi hwekuita, hwakazvimirira kugona uye kugona kwakashata. Mapoka maviri evadzidzisi akapedza matanho masere anoongorora makirisi ekudzidzira, kusanganisira maitiro mana ekurera, kugona kwevanhukoti, uye kuongororwa kwemhando yekiriniki dzidziso.
Mushure mekudzidziswa, kugona kwekufunga kwekufunga, kugona kwakazvimirira, kuita kwekushanda kwekudzidza, uye maitiro ekiriniki ekudzidzisa eboka raive rakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zveboka rekutonga (zvese p <0.05).
Muenzaniso wekudzidzisa wakavakirwa paCdio unogona kukurudzira kuyamwisa
DZIDZO DZIDZISO ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nhanho yedzidzo yeriri uye inosanganisira shanduko kubva kune yeruzivo rwekudzidzira kuita. Kudzidza kwekiriniki kunoshanda kunogona kubatsira vadzidzi vanokoti vatenzi hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, simbisa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, uye kuvandudza kugona kwavo kudzidzira mukoti. Iyo zvakare ndiyo chikamu chekupedzisira chebasa rekuita basa revadzidzi vekurapa [1]. Mumakore achangopfuura, vazhinji vekudzidzisa vanodzidzisa vakaita zvekutsvagisa nzira dzedzidziso dzakadai sedzidziso dzakavakirwa vane dambudziko . . Nekudaro, nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzidzisa dzine zvakanakira nezvakanakira nezvakanaka nezvakashata maererano nekudzidziswa kwekushanda kwehukama, asi ivo havazive kuunganidzwa kwedzidziso uye kudzidzira [2].
Iyo "Yakaputirwa Classroom" inoreva imwe nzira itsva yekufunda mune iyo vadzidzi vanoshandisa reruzivo rwekutanga kudzidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mune imwe nzira ye "kudzidza" mukirasi yevadzidzisi vachiri vadzidzisi vachitungamira vadzidzi. Mhinduro mibvunzo uye inopa rubatsiro rwakakwana [3]. Iyo American New Media Alliance yakacherekedza kuti kirasi yakafemerwa inogadzirisa nguva mukati uye kunze kwekirasi uye inokwereta sarudzo dzevadzidzi kubva kuvadzidzi kuvadzidzi [4]. Nguva yakakosha inopedzerwa mukirasi mukirasi mune iyi yekudzidza muenzaniso inobvumira vadzidzi kuti vatarise zvakanyanya pakudzidza, kwakavakirwa dambudziko. DesHpande [5] akaitisa chidzidzo chekirasi chakabhururuka mudzidzo yerameedic uye kudzidzisa uye yakagumisa kuti yakabiridzira kirasi inogona kuvandudza kufarira kwevadzidzi uye kuderedza basa uye kuderedza nguva yekudzora nguva. Khe fungu hew uye chung KWAN low of of officeracting zvinyorwa zvekirasi yakadzvanywa uye kuongorora meta-kuongorora nzira dzekudzidzisa dzechinyakare, iyo nzira dzakaputika dzekudzidzisa dzidziso Mune nyanzvi yehutano dzidzo iri nani zvakanyanya uye inovandudza kudzidza kwemudzidzi. Zhong jie [7] kana tichienzanisa nemhedzisiro yekirasi yekirasi uye yakadzvanywa classy classy yekudzidzira Bhaibheri, nekuvandudza kunaka kwekudzidzisa kwepamhepo kunogona kuvandudza kugutsikana kwevadzidzi uye zivo. Bata. Zvichienderana nezvinoitika pamusoro pekutsvagisa, mumunda wedzidzo yeruki, vazhinji vacho nyanzvi vanodzidza mhedzisiro yekudzidzisa kirasi uye vanotenda kudzidzisa kwevadzidzi vekirasi, vakazvimirira kudzidza, uye kugutsikana kirasi.
Naizvozvo, pane chinodikanwa chekukurumidza kuongorora uye kukudziridza nzira itsva yekudzidzisa ichabatsira vadzidzi vanokoti vatambure uye vanoshandisa yakarongeka nyanzvi yehunyanzvi ruzivo uye kuvandudza kugona kwavo kwekiriniki uye kwakakwana. Cdio (Concep-design-ishandise-anoshanda) inyanzvi yeinjiniya yekufunda yakawedzera muna 2000 nemayunivhesiti mana, kusanganisira iyo Massachusetts Institute of Technology uye yeRoyal Institute yeTekinoroji muSweden. Ndiwo muenzaniso wepamberi weinjiniya dzidzo iyo inobvumira vadzidzi vanochengeta vanokoti kuti vadzidze uye kuwana kugona mune anoshanda, maoko-pane, uye organic nzira [8, 9]. Panyaya yekudzidza mwero, iyi modhi inosimbisa "mudzidzi-yakabatana kutora chikamu mukuenzanisa, dhizaini, kuita basa, uye kushandura kwakawana ruzivo rwekugadzirisa-dambudziko. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti muenzaniso wekudzidzisa weCdi Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune yakashandiswa tent tarenda kudzidziswa [10].
Nekushandurwa kwemuenzaniso wekurapa wepasirese, zvinodiwa nevanhu hutano kuri kuwedzera, izvo zvakakonzerawo kuwedzera kwebasa revashandi vekurapa. Iko kugona uye kunaka kweanamukoti kunorondedzerwa zvakananga nemhando yemhando yekuchengetedza chirwere uye kuchengetedza murwere. Mumakore achangopfuura, kukura uye kuongororwa kwemanomani mano evashandi vanoyamwisa vava musoro unopisa mumunda wekurera [11]. Naizvozvo, chinangwa, chakazara, chakavimbika, uye nzira yekuongorora yakarongeka ndeyekutsoropodza dzidzo yekurapa. Mini-Clinical ongorora Exercise (mini-cex) inzira yekuongorora makiriniki akakwana ekugona kwevadzidzi vekurapa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wedzidzo yezvekurapa kumba uye kune imwe nyika. Zviri zvishoma nezvishoma mumunda wevakoti kuyamwisa [12, 13].
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa pakushandiswa kweiyo cdio modhi, yakarukwa mukirasi, uye mini-cex mudzidzo yeriri. Wang Bei [14] vakakurukura nezve kukanganiswa kweiyo cdio muenzaniso pakuvandudza mukoti-chaiyo kudzidziswa kwezvinodiwa zveCIVid-19 vanamukoti. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kushandisa iyo Cdi yeCdies kudzidzisa kweCDIVE kuti ive yeCDIVE-19 ichabatsira vashandi vakoti vanowana hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa hunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwakabatana, uye nekunzwisisa hunyanzvi hwavo hwakakwana. Nyanzvi dzakadai se liu mei [15] dzakakurukura kushandiswa kwechikwata chekudzidzisa kweboka kwakasanganiswa nekirasi yakadzvanywa mukirasi yekudzidzisa orrthopedic vanamukoti. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyi mhando yekudzidzisa inogona kuvandudza zvinobudirira kugona kwekutanga kweOrthopedic vanamukoti vakanzwisisika. uye kushandiswa kweruzivo rwezvekuziva, kushandira pamwe chete, kufunga kwakashata, uye kutsvakwa kwesainzi. Li Ruyue et al. [16] akadzidza mhedzisiro yekushandisa iyo yakavandudzwa mukoti mini-cex mukudzidziswa kwakareba kwekuvhiya kwekuvhiya uye vanozoongorora kuongorora kwese uye kuita kwekuita kwekiriniki kana basa .Waak zvinongedzo mukati iye. Vanamukoti uye vanopa chaiyo-nguva mhinduro. Kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuzvidza uye kuzviratidza, pfungwa dzekutanga dzekuongorora dzidziso dzinodzidziswa, iyo nzira yekiriniki yakawedzera kuvandudzwa, kugona kwekuvhiya kwekureva kwevadzidzi kunovandudzwa, uye kwakapetwa Kirasi yekusanganiswa yakavakirwa pane cdice Pfungwa inoedzwa, asi parizvino hapana chirevo chekutsvagisa. Kushandiswa kweMini-CEX Ongororo Yekuongorora Muenzaniso kune Dzidzo yeRepsing yevadzidzi veOrthopedic. Iye munyori akashandisa iyo CDI muenzaniso mukusimudzira kwedzidzo dzekudzidzira kwevadzidzi veOrthopedic Kuziva uye kugona, uye zvakare zvakabatsira kuti vazivise kunaka kwekudzidzisa. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzika kunopa hwaro hwekudzidzira-kwakavakirwa kudzidza mukudzidzisa zvipatara.
Kuti afambire kuitwa kwekosi, nzira yepanyama yekushandisa yakashandiswa sezvidzidzo zvekudzidza kusarudza vadzidzi vanoverengeka kubva 2017 na 2018 avo vaiita kuti Dhipatimendi reOrthopedic Chipatara. Sezvo paine makumi mashanu neshanu evadzidzi pane imwe neimwe nhanho, saizi yemuenzaniso ichave 104. Vadzidzi vana havana kutora chikamu mune yakazara kiriniki maitiro. Boka reKutonga raisanganisira makumi mashanu ekurera vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza muDhipatimendi reOrthopedi MuJune 2018. Boka rekupindira raisanganisira makumi mashanu evadzidzi vekurapa, kusanganisira varume vasere nevakadzi makumi mana nevakadzi vane makore makumi maviri nemasere kusvika 22 (21.45 ± 0.37) makore 0.37). Zvese zvidzidzo zvakapa mvumo yekuziva. Kusanganisa maitiro: (1) Orthopedic Internenship internship vadzidzi vane bachelor's degree. (2) Kubvumidzwa kubvumidzwa uye kwekuzvidira kutora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi. Kubvisa maitiro: vanhu vasingakwanise kutora chikamu zvizere muitiro wekiriniki. Iko hakuna mutsauko wakakosha muruzivo rwemapoka maviri emapoka evadzidzi vezvekurapa (P> 0.05) uye ivo vakafanana.
Mapoka ese ari maviri akapedza mapoka mana-vhiki yekiriniki, nemakosi ese akapedzwa muDhipatimendi reOrthopedics. Munguva yekutarisa, kwaive nemapoka gumi evadzidzi vekurapa, vashanu vadzidzi muboka rimwe nerimwe. Kudzidziswa kunoitwa zvinoenderana neyekupedzisira chirongwa kuvadzidzi vanoyamwisa, kusanganisira zvimiro zvehunyanzvi uye zvehunyanzvi. Vadzidzisi vari mumapoka maviri aya vane hunhu hwakafanana, uye mudzidzisi wemucheto ane basa rekutarisisa kunaka.
Boka rekutonga raishandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzidziso. Pakati pevhiki yekutanga yechikoro, makirasi anotanga neMuvhuro. Vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa dzidziso musi weChipiri uye neChitatu, uye vanotarisa kudzidziswa kushanda kweChina neChishanu. Kubva kune wechipiri kusvika vhiki yechina, nhengo yega yega yemunhu ane chekuita nemudzidzi wekurapa kupa dzimwe hurukuro dzemunamato muDhipatimendi. Muvhiki yechina, ongororo ichapera mazuva matatu mugumo usati wapera.
Sezvambotaurwa, munyori anotora nzira yakadzvanywa yekudzidzisa yekudzidzisa yakavakirwa pane cdice pfungwa, sekutsanangurwa kwakaziviswa pazasi.
Vhiki yekutanga yekudzidziswa yakafanana neboka rekutonga; Mavhiki maviri kuburikidza neyechina yeOrthopec Peopleeparative Rudzidziso Shandisa Yakapetwa Kirasi Yekudzidzisa Rurongwa Kubva pane CDI Pfungwa yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemaawa makumi mana nemasere. Iyo pfungwa uye chikamu chekugadzira chinopedzwa muvhiki yechipiri uye chikamu chekushandiswa chinopedzwa muvhiki yechitatu. Kuvhiya kwapera muvhiki yechina, uye kuongorora uye kuongororwa kwakapera mazuva matatu usati wadonha. Ona Tafura 1 yeiyo chaiyo kirasi nguva yekugovera nguva.
Chikwata chekudzidzisa chinosanganisira 1 mukoti wepamusoro, 8 Orthopensic Faculty uye 1 isiri-orthopedic Cdies nyanzvi yeCdio yakatangwa. Mukoti mukuru anopa nhengo dzekudzidzisa timu neyekudzidza uye zviyero zveCdio. . Faculty Set Information Inangwa, tonga iyo curriculum, uye gadzirira zvidzidzo nenzira inoenderana inoenderana nezvinodiwa nevakuru zvinodiwa uye chirongwa chekugara.
Zvinoenderana neyekutanga chirongwa, zvichireva nezvechirongwa chekudzidzisa tarenda uye nemari 17] uye mukusanganiswa neyekudzidzisa kwechiitiko chekudzidzisa. zivo), ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye zvine chekuita nesystem maitiro, nezvinangwa zvehunyanzvi (zvine hunyanzvi) hunyanzvi hwekudzidza uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa (kuvaka zvinangwa zvehunyanzvi uye nemweya wekutakura kwevanhu uye etc.). .). Zivo Yezivo inoenderana neiyo technical ruzivo uye kugona kweCdio Curriculum, kugona kwega, zvine hunyanzvi zveCdio Curriculum, uye zvinangwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hweCdio Curriculum: Kushanda pamwe uye kutaurirana.
Mushure memisangano miviri yemisangano, timu yekudzidzisa yakakurukura nezvechirongwa chekudzidzisa nekirasi yakachengetwa zvichienderana nepfungwa yeCdio, yakakamura kudzidziswa kuita matanho mana, uye yakatsunga zvibodzwa uye zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1.
Mushure mekuongorora basa rekurera pazvirwere zveOrthopic, mudzidzisi akazivisa zvimwe zvezvirwere zvakajairika uye zvakajairika zveongororo. Ngatitorei kuronga kurapwa kune varwere vane lumbar disc hernation semuenzaniso: Murwere Zhang Moumu (Makore 73 CM) akanyunyuta neanotenderera uye kurwadziwa kuruboshwe ruoko rwezasi Mwedzi miviri "uye yakarapwa muchipatara chekunze. Semureveri ane mutungamiriri ane murwere: . (3) Ita kuti kuongororwa kwerudzi. Mune ino kesi, zvinodikanwa kuti usunge nyaya yekutsvaga nyaya; rekodhi yakanangidzirwa kupindira kweukoti kwakabatana nemurwere; . Tumira nyaya dzemudzidzi uye basa rondedzero mazuva maviri pamberi pekirasi. Rondedzero yebasa yeiyi kesi iri seinotevera: (1) Ongorora uye kusimbisa ruzivo rwezvekuziva nezve maEteriology nekiriniki kuratidzwa kweLumbar Intervertebral Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Disc Dis Disc (2) gadzira chirongwa chakanangwa chekuchengeta; . Vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vanoongorora kosi yezvemukati nemibvunzo yekudzidzira, bvunza mabhuku akakodzera uye madheti, uye mabasa akazara ekuzvidzidzira nekupinza mukati mechikwata.
Vadzidzi vanoumba mapoka akasununguka, uye boka rinosarudza mutungamiri weboka iro rine basa rekuparadzanisa uye kuronga chirongwa ichi. Mutungamiriri weChikwata Chekutanga ane mutoro wekuparadzira zvina: Nyaya yekutanga, kuyamwisa kuita, dzidzo yehutano, uye ruzivo rwakabatana nehosha kune imwe neimwe nhengo yechikwata. Munguva yekubvunzurudzwa, vadzidzi vanoshandisa yavo nguva yemahara yekutsvaga mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvinhu zvekugadzirisa matambudziko emakesi, mufambiro wechikwata, uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvakananga. Mukurarama kwepurojekiti, mudzidzisi anobatsira mutungamiri wechikwata mukupa nhengo dzechikwata kuronga ruzivo rwakakodzera, gadzira mapurojekiti, ratidza kugadzirwa, uye kubatsira vadzidzi vanoyamwisa mukubatanidza ruzivo rwakabatana nekugadzirwa. Wana ruzivo rweumwe neumwe module. Zvinetso uye pfungwa dzinokosha dzeboka iri rekutsvagisa zvakaongororwa uye kuvandudzwa, uye kuronga kuita kwekuenzanisa kwemuenzaniso weboka iri rekutsvagisa kwakaitwa. Munguva iyi chikamu, vadzidzisi vakarongawo kuyamwisa kutenderedza kuratidzira.
Vadzidzi vanoshanda mumapoka madiki kune zvirongwa zvazvino. Kutevera mushumo, dzimwe nhengo dzeboka uye nhengo dzezvemitemo dzakakurukura uye dzakataura nezveboka rekubika kuti riwedzere kuronga kuronga kwekutarisira. Mutungamiriri wechikwata anokurudzira nhengo dzechikwata kutevedzera maitiro ese ekutarisira, uye mudzidzisi anobatsira vadzidzi kuti vaongorore shanduko yechirwere kuburikidza nekuita tsika yakajeka, vanowedzera kunzwisisa kwavo uye nekuvakwa kweruzivo rwekufunga. Zvese zvemukati izvo zvinofanirwa kupedzwa mukuvandudzwa kwezvirwere zvakasarudzika zvinopedzwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevadzidzisi. Vadzidzisi vanotaura uye vanotungamira vadzidzi vanokoti kuti vaite mubhedha wekurara kuti vabatane neruzivo uye maitiro ekiriniki.
Mushure mekuongorora boka rega rega, murayiridzi akafunga nezvemashoko ega ega eboka uye ega ega eboka remaitiro uye maitiro ehunyanzvi kuti arambe achivandudza kunzwisisa kwevadzidzi vekurera kwezvinhu zvekudzidza. Vadzidzisi vanoongorora kunaka uye vanogadzirisa makosi anoenderana nekuongororwa kwemudzidzi wekuyamwisa uye nekudzidzira kuongorora.
Vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vanotora bvunzo uye vanoshanda bvunzo mushure mekudzidziswa kunoshanda. Mibvunzo yetsananguro yekupindira inobvunzwa nemudzidzisi. Mapepa ekupindira akapatsanuka akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri (a uye b), uye rimwe boka rinosarudzwa zvisina tsarukano kwekupindira. Mibvunzo yekupindira yakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: nyanzvi yeruzivo rwekuziva uye kesi yekuongorora, imwe neimwe yakakosha makumi mashanu emakiromita ehuwandu hwemazana emakiromita zana. Vadzidzi, pavanoongorora hunyanzvi hwekurera, vachisarudza imwe yeinotevera, kusanganisira iyo yekunyepedzera internet yekukuvara, kushandisa pneumatic kurapa, maitiro ekushandisa iyo CPM yekuvandudza muchina, etc. yakazara Score ndeye 100 mapoinzi.
Vhiki ina, iyo yakazvimirira yekudzidza yekuongorora chiyero ichave yakaongororwa mazuva matatu mhedzisiro isati yapera. Chiyero chakazvimirira chekudzidza kwekudzidza chakavandudzwa neZhang Xiyan [18] Yakashandiswa Kukurudzira (zvinhu zvisingaitike (zvinhu 11), zvinhu zvishanu), uye zvinyorwa zveruzivo) . Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinotemerwa pane 5-point Likert chiyero kubva ku "kwete zvachose zvinoenderana" ku "zviyero zvakazara kusvika ku5. Iyo yakakwira mucherechedzo, iyo yakasimba kugona kudzidza yakazvimirira . Iyo cronbach's alpha coefficient yeiyo chiyero ndeye 0.822.
Muvhiki yechina, chiitiko chakashata chekufunga chiyero chakaongororwa mazuva matatu usati wadonha. Shanduro yeChinese yeiyo inogadzirisa kugona kugona kugona kuyerwa chiyero chinoshandurwa nengoni Corps corps (19] yakashandiswa. Iyo ine zviyero zvinomwe: Chokwadi chakawanikwa, kufunga kwekuvhurika, kuongorora kugona uye kuronga kugona, nezvinhu gumi mune imwe nhanho imwe neimwe. Chiyero chechisere chinoshandiswa kubva ku "kusabvumirana kwakasimba" ku "bvumirana" kubva 1 kusvika ku6, zvichiteerana. Zvirevo zvisina kunaka zvinodzoreredza, neyakaenzana kusvika pamakumi manomwe kusvika pamakumi manomwe. Iyo cronbach's alpha coefficient yeiyo chiyero ndeye 0.90.
Muvhiki yechina, ongororo yekiriniki yekuongorora ichaitika mazuva matatu isati yabuda. Iyo mini-cex chiyero chinoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi chakagadziriswa kubva kune zvekurapa classic classic classic classic (20] Inosangana nezvinodiwa, 4-6 mapoinzi ekusangana zvinodiwa, 7-9 mapoinzi pane zvakanaka. Vadzidzi vekurapa vanopedzisa kudzidziswa kwavo mushure mekupedza nyanzvi yekuverenga. Iyo Cronbach's Alpha coefficient yeiyi chiyero ndeye 0.780 uye iyo hafu yekuvimbika yeColiffient ndeye 0.842, zvichiratidza kuvimbika kwakanaka.
Muvhiki rechina, zuva risati rabuda mudhipatimendi, rondedzero yevadzidzisi uye vadzidzi uye kuongororwa kwemhando yekudzidzisa kwakaitwa. Fomu remhando yepamusoro yekuongorora rakagadzirwa naZhou Tonga [21] uye rinosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu: kudzidzisa maitiro, kudzidzisa, uye kudzidzisa. Nzira, mhedzisiro yekudzidziswa uye maitiro ekudzidziswa. Iyo 5-point Likert chiyero yakashandiswa. Yakakwira mucherechedzo, zvirinani kunaka kwekudzidzisa. Apera apedza kupedzisa nyanzvi yekuverenga. MIBVUNZO YEMAHARA ine kuvimbika kwakanaka, ine cronbach's alpha yeiyo chiyero kuve 0.85.
Data yakaongororwa uchishandisa SPSS 21.0 Statistical Software. Kuyera data kunoratidzwa sekushandurwa kwakajairika kwetsika (\ (\ Kuverenga data kwakaratidzwa sehuwandu hwezviitiko (%) uye zvichienzaniswa uchishandisa chi-mraba kana kupindira kwefefer chaiyo. A P kukosha <0.05 inoratidza musiyano wakakosha.
Kuenzanisa kweiyo fungidziro uye yekushanda kwekupindira kwemapoka maviri emakwenzi emamita anoonekwa muTafura 2.
Kuenzanisa kwekudzidza kwakazvimirira uye kugona kwakashata kwemapoka maviri emuchina anopinda muTafura 3.
Kuenzanisa kwekiriniki yekudzidzira kugona kwekuongororwa pakati pemapoka maviri emuchina anopinda. Kugona kweKririniki kwekudzidzira kwevadzidzi muboka rekupindira kwaive nani zvakanyanya pane izvo muboka rekutonga, uye musiyano wacho wakanyanya kukosha (P <0.05) sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 4.
Mhedzisiro yekuongorora iyo mapoka maviri airatidza kuti iyo yakazara mhando yemhando yeboka rekudzora raive 90.08 ± 2.34 mapoinzi ekudzidzisa kweboka rekupindira raive 96.34 ± 2.14 × 2.16 Pfungwa. Musiyano wacho wakange wakakosha. (T = - 13.900, P <0.001).
Iko kuvandudzwa uye kufambira mberi kwemushonga kunoda kukwana kwakaringana kuunganidzwa kwetarenda rekurapa. Kunyangwe akawanda ekufungidzira uye nzira dzekudzidzisa dziripo, hadzigone kutsiva maitiro ekiriniki, izvo zvine chekuita nekugona kwetarenda remangwana rekurapa uye kuponesa hupenyu. Sezvo denderedzwa-19 one, nyika yakazotarisisa kune kiriniki kudzidzisa kwekudzidzisa zvipatara zvounivhesiti [22]. Kusimbisa kuunganidzwa kwemishonga uye dzidzo uye nekuvandudza kunaka uye kushanda kwechipenyu chekiriniki matambudziko makuru anotarisana nedzidzo yekurapa. Iko kuoma kwekudzidzisa orthopedics yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hunhu hwakasiyana, hunobata basa rekutanga, kugona kwevadzidzi vekurapa [23].
Iyo yakanakisa kirasi yekudzidzisa nzira mukati meCdio kudzidzisa pfungwa inobatanidza kudzidza mukati medzidziso, kudzidza nekuita. Izvi zvinoshandura chimiro chemakiromita uye chinoisa vadzidzi vanokweretesa pairi yekudzidzisa. Munguva yekudzidzira, vadzidzisi vanobatsira vadzidzi vanoyamirira vanowana ruzivo rwakazvimirira pane zvakaenzana nenyaya dzakaomarara mumatanho epfungwa. Tsvagurudzo inoratidza kuti Cdio inosanganisira kukura kwebasa uye zviitiko zvekiriniki zvichidzidzisa. Iyo Project inopa nhungamiro yakadzama, nyatsosanganisa kusanganiswa kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwebasa, uye zvinonyatsoita kuti vadzidzi vanyatsodzidziswa mukudzidzira kwavo kwakazvimirira uye nekufambisa kwakashata, pamwe nekutungamira panguva yekuzvimiririra Kudzidza. -study. Mhedzisiro iyi yekudzidza inoratidza kuti mushure memavhiki mana ekudzidziswa, kugona kwakazvimiririra uye nekufunga kwekufunga kwevadzidzi vanoyamwisa muboka rekupindira kwakanyanyisa kupfuura avo vari muboka rekutonga (zvese p <0.001). Izvi zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekudzidza kweFan Xiaooying mumhedzisiro yeCdio yakasanganiswa nenzira yeCBL yekudzidzisa mudzidziso mune dzidzo yeCBL. Iyi nzira yekudzidziswa inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mafungiro 'ekufunga kutsoropodza uye kugona kwekudzidza. Munguva yekufunga kwepfungwa, mudzidzisi anotanga kugovera mapoinzi akaoma nevadzidzi vanoyamwisa mukirasi. Vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vakazvimiririra vakazvimiririra ruzivo rwakazvarwa kuburikidza nemavhidhiyo ezvinyorwa uye nenzira kwayo vakatsvaga zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuenderera mberi nekuwedzera kunzwisisa kwavo kweOrthopedic basa rekurera. Munguva yekugadzira, vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vaiita basa rekuita uye hunyanzvi hwekufunga nekufunga kwekukurukurirana kweboka, kutungamirirwa nefurukuro uye kushandisa maChiyekiti zvidzidzo. Munguva yekuita chiitiko Panguva imwecheteyo, nekudzidzisa zviitiko chaizvo, vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vanogona kudzidza pfungwa dzinokosha dzekutarisira zvakanyanya uye kuti vanonyatsonzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvese zvekutarisira zvakakosha zvinhu zvekupora. Pamusana wekushanda, vadzidzisi vanobatsira vadzidzi vekurapa master uye hunyanzvi mukuita. Mukuita izvi, ivo vanodzidza kuchengeta shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kufunga nezvematambudziko anogona kuitika, uye kwete kuzotevedzera maitiro akasiyana siyana kubatsira vadzidzi vekurapa. Maitiro ekuvaka uye kuita zvakarongeka zvinosanganisa zviri mukati mekudzidziswa. Muchiitiko ichi, chinoshanda uye chekutsvaga kudzidza kudzidza, vadzidzi vanoyamwisa vanozvidzidza kugona uye kushingairira kudzidza kwakanyatsoshanda uye hunyanzvi hwavo hwekufunga hunovandudzwa. Vatsvagiri vanoshandisa dhizaini yekufunga (dt) -Chicive-dhizaini-kuita-kushanda (Cdio)) kuti uvimbise zvigadzirwa zvedzidzo kuti ugadzirise basa rekushanda Kubata kwevadzidzi vekudzidza uye kugona kwemakomputa kugona kwakadzivirirwa zvakanyanya [26].
Kudzidza uku kunobatsira vadzidzi vanoyamwisa kutora chikamu mune zvese maitiro maererano nekubvunzurudzwa-pfungwa-dhizaini-kushanda-kushanda-kuita-tsika. Mamiriro ekiriniki akagadzirwa. Iko kutarisa kwakadaro kuri paboka rekubatana uye kwakazvimirira, kwakazvimirira nemudzidzisi kupindura mibvunzo, vadzidzi vanopa mhinduro kumatambudziko, kurovedzwa kweDziva, uye pakupedzisira kurovedza muviri. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti zviyero zvevadzidzi vekurapa muongororo yekuongorora kweruzivo rwekuziva uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa hwaive nani pane izvo zvevadzidzi muboka rekutonga, uye musiyano wacho wakanyanya kukosha (P <0.001). Izvi zvinowirirana nenyaya yekuti vadzidzi vekurapa muboka rekupindira raive nemhedzisiro iri nani pane yekuongororwa kweruzivo rwechokwadi uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Kuenzaniswa neboka rekutonga, musiyano wacho waive wakakosha (P <0.001). Zvakasanganiswa nemhedzisiro yakakwana yekutsvaga [27, 28]. Chikonzero chekuongorora ndechekuti Cdio Model kutanga inosarudza chirwere chekurwira pfungwa neyekiri zvine mimwe mwero, uye chechipiri, kuomarara kweiyo purojekiti inoenderana neyeline. Mumuenzaniso uyu, mushure mekunge vadzidzi vapedze izvo zvinoshanda zvebasa sezvavanoda, dzokorora zvirimo zvakakodzera, uye kurukurai mabasa nenhengo dzeboka kuti dziyedze uye zveshuwa zvichidzidza ruzivo uye kudzidza ruzivo rutsva nekudzidza. Ruzivo rwekare nenzira itsva. Kuziva kweruzivo kunatsiridza.
Kudzidza uku kunoratidza kuti kuburikidza nekushandisa kweCdio Crinical kudzidza kudzidza, vadzidzi veChinese muboka rekupindira vaive vari nani vadzidzi muKutonga, vachiita kuti vanodzikama, vachiita zvekupindirana nekuyamwisa, uye nehanya yekuyamwisa. mhedzisiro. uye kutarisira kwevanhu. Uye zvakare, kwaive nemisiyano yakakosha mune imwe neimwe paramende imwe chete pakati pemapoka maviri (P <0.05), iyo yaive yakafanana nemhedzisiro yeHongyun [29]. Zhou Tong [21] akadzidza mhedzisiro yekushandisa pfungwa-yekugadzira-inoshanda-inoshanda Teaching method in nursing process, humanities Eight parameters, such as nursing ability and conscientiousness, are significantly better than those of nursing students using traditional teaching methods. Izvi zvingave nekuti mukudzidza kwekudzidza, vadzidzi vanoyamwisa havachagamuchire ruzivo, asi vanoshandisa kugona kwavo. wana ruzivo munzira dzakasiyana siyana. Nhengo dzechikwata dzinosunungura zvizere mweya yavo yemweya, dzidza zviwanikwa, uye dzokorora mushumo, kudzidzira, kuongorora, uye kukurukura nyaya dzepfungwa dzazvino dzekiriniki. Ruzivo rwavo runovandudza kubva pane zvekunyepedzera kukadzika, vachirera kutarisisa kune yakatarwa mamiriro ekukonzera ongororo. Matambudziko ehutano, kuumbwa kwezvinangwa zvekuyamwisa uye kutadza kwekupindira kwemukandwa. Faculty inopa nhungamiro uye kuratidzwa panguva yekukurukurirana kuumba cyclic kukurudzira kwekufunga kwekuita, kuvandudza kudiwa kwevadzidzi, nekuvandudza kufarira uye nekuvandudza maitiro emudzidzi - uye nekuvandudza maitiro emudzidzi - Vanamukoti . . kugona. Iko kugona kwekudzidza kubva kufunyadzai kudzidzira, kupedzisa kufungidzirwa kwezivo.
Kuitwa kweCdio-based Crenical Educment Products inovandudza kunaka kwekiriniki dzidzo. Mhedzisiro yekutsvaga yeDing Jinxia [30] Uye vamwe vanoratidza kuti kune kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana sekurudzira, kugona kwakazvimiririra kwevadzidzisi vekudzidzisa, uye maitiro anodzidzisa ekiriniki. Muchidzidzo ichi, nekuvandudzwa kwemakiriniki ekudzidzisa kweCdio, vadzidzisi vekiriniki vakawana kudzidziswa basa rekudzidzisa, pfungwa dzedzidziso dzakavandudzwa, uye kugona kudzidzisa kwekudzidzisa. Kechipiri, inoisa mienzaniso yekiriniki yekudzidzisa uye yematambudziko ezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, zvinoratidza kurongeka uye kuita kwemuenzaniso wekudzidzisa kubva mumacro maonero, uye kunosimudzira kunzwisisa kwevadzidzi uye nekuchengetwa kwevadzidzi uye nekuchengetwa kwekosi yezvinyorwa. Mhinduro imwe neimwe hurukuro inogona kukurudzira kuzvipira kwevadzidzisi vekiriniki, kukurudzira vadzidzisi vekiriniki kuti vaone nezvehunyanzvi hwavo, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye hunhu hwevanhu, zvechokwadi vanoziva kudzidziswa nevezera ravo, uye nekuvandudza hunhu hwekiriniki. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kudzidzisa kwekiriniki kwevadzidzisi muboka rekupindira kwaive nani pane izvo muboka rekutonga, izvo zvaive zvakafanana nemhedzisiro yekudzidza neXiong haiyang [31].
Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekudzidza uku yakakosha kudzidzisa kwekiriniki, kudzidza kwedu kuchine mipimo yakati wandei. Kutanga, kushandiswa kwekutumbuka kwakareruka kunogona kudzikamisa kuwanda kwezviwanikwa izvi, uye muenzaniso wedu wakange waganhurirwa pachipatara chimwe chete chetertiary. Kechipiri, nguva yekudzidzisa ingori vhiki ina chete, uye mukoti inoda nguva yakawanda yekukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekufunga. Yetatu, muchidzidzo ichi, varwere vanoshandiswa mune mini-cex vaive varwere chaiye vasingadzidzisi, uye kunaka kwevadzidzi vechiitiko chechokwadi chekuita kungasiyana kumurwere. Idzi ndidzo nyaya huru dzinogumisa mhedzisiro yekudzidza uku. Rwiyo rwembamangwana runofanira kuwedzera saizi yemuenzaniso, kuwedzera kudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi vekiriniki, uye kuunganidza zviyero zvekuvandudza zviitiko zviitiko. Chidzidzo cheLongitudinal chinodikanwawo kuti uongorore kana kirasi yakaputirwa yakavakirwa pane Cdio Pfungwa inogona kuvandudza kugona kwakazara kwevadzidzi vekurapa munguva refu.
Kudzidza uku kwakawedzera muenzaniso weCdio muChide Dhizaini yevadzidzi veOrthopedic Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kirasi yakaputirwa yakavakirwa pane cdi Pfungwa isingavhenekesa hunhu hwekiriniki dzidziso, asi zvakare inovandudza kugona kwevadzidzi vekufunda, kufunga kwakakomba, uye kugona kwekiriniki. Iyi nzira yekudzidzisa inovimbika uye inoshanda pane hurukuro dzechivanhu. Zvinogona kugumisa kuti mhedzisiro inogona kuve neyazvinoreva kuti dzidzo yekurapa. Kirasi yakaputirwa, yakavakirwa paCDI Pfungwa, inotarisa pakudzidzisa, kudzidza uye zviitiko zvinoshanda uye nyatsosanganisa kusanganisa kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwekushanda kwehunyanzvi hwekuita vadzidzi vekiriniki. Kupiwa kukosha kwekupa vadzidzi nemukana wekushingairira kutora chikamu mukudzidza nekudzidzira, uye kufunga kuti mhando yekudzidza kwekiriniki zvichienderana neCdio kushandiswa mudzidzo yekurapa. Iyi nzira inogona zvakare kukurudzirwa seyenzungo, yemudzidzi-yemudzidzi nzira yekudzidzisa kwekiriniki. Uye zvakare, zviwanikwa zvichave zvinobatsira kwazvo kumapuranga uye masayendisiti pavanenge vachikura nzira dzekuvandudza dzidzo yekurapa.
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