Kufanana nenyika dzakawanda, Australia inotarisana nekugoverwa kwakareba kwekugara kwehutano, nevashoma vanachiremba pane nzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye maitiro akananga kunongedzere. Longitudinal Yakabatanidzwa Cleership Nepo iyi data quantitative iri yakaoma, chirongwa-chaiye data kuti utsanangure izvi phenomenon iri kushomeka.
Kuti ugadzirise ruzivo urwu rwekuziva
Makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe Alumni vakatora chikamu mukubvunzurudzwa kwakakodzera. RAIL LIC yerudzi rwechirongwa chinogadziriswa, ichizivisa kuti musanganiswa wezvemunhu uye zvirongwa zvechirongwa zviri mukati me "sarudzo yekutora chikamu" chingakanganisa kuita basa rekuita basa, ivo pachavo uye vechisarudzo uye symilly. Kamwe zvakabatanidzwa mukuita, pfungwa dzekufunda dzekugadzira mikova uye pa-saiti yekudzidziswa kuwedzera chikamu nekupa vatori vechikamu nemukana wekuziva uye kuenzanisa kuronga kwehutano munzira yeHolistic.
Iyo yakagadzirwa chimiro inomiririra mamiriro ezvinyorwa zvechirongwa icho chinoonekwa sevakashata muzvisarudzo zvevakadhindwa zvebasa. Izvi zvinhu, zvakasanganiswa nechirongwa chemishini yemishini, chinobatsira kuzadzisa chirongwa chekumaruwa chekumararamisa zvinangwa. Shanduko yakaitika kuti vakapedza kudzidza vaida kutora chikamu muchirongwa here kana kuti kwete. Shanduko inoitika kuburikidza nekuratidzwa, iyo ingangoita nematambudziko kana yekubvumikisa kupedza kudzidza pamusoro pekuita sarudzo yebasa-kuita, nekudaro achipesvedzera kuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuzivisa.
Kufanana nenyika dzakawanda, Australia inotarisana neyakamira-kure uye kushingirira kusimba mukugoverwa kwehutano hwehutano hwekuita basa [1]. Izvi zvinoratidzwa neiyo nhamba yepazasi yevanachiremba paCapita munzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye maitiro ekuchinja kubva mukutanga kutarisirwa kune yakanyanya kutarisirwa [2, 3]. Kutorwa pamwe, izvi zvinhu zvakashata zvinokanganisa hutano mumaruwa ]. Iyo Longitudinal Yakabatanidzwa Cleership Iyi yakanaka inozadziswa nekuti vakapedza kudzidza verumaruwa vanopfuura kupfuura vamwe vevashandi vevamwe (kusanganisira nzvimbo dzekumaruwa) kuti vashande munzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye mukurumbira hutano. Maitiro ekuita basa rekurapa anoita sarudzo yebasa arondedzerwa seyakaomarara inosanganisira zvinhu zvakati wandei nezvimwe zvinhu zvemukati uye zvekunze zvisarudzo zvehutano uye chimiro chehutano hwehutano [,12,13]. Kutarisirwa kudiki kwakabhadharwa kune zvinhu mukati mekuratidzira kudzidziswa kwekurapa kunogona kukanganisa iyi sarudzo yekuita sarudzo.
Iyo pedagogy ye lic inosiyana neyechinyakare block kutenderera muchimiro uye kugadza [5, 14, 15, 16]. Nzvimbo dzekumaruwa-kumaruwa dzinowanzo kuwanikwa mumatambudziko madiki ekumaruwa ane clinsic lincs kune ese maviri maitiro uye zvipatara [5]. Chinhu chakakosha che lic ipfungwa ye "kuenderera," iyo inofambiswa nehukama hwekubatanidza, ichibvumira vadzidzi kuti vatamire nehukama hwekare nevatariri, zvikwata zvehutano, uye varwere [5,14,16]. Vadzidzi Vadzidzi vekudzidza makosi ekudzidza nekunzwisisa uye mukuwirirana, kusiyana nenguva dzenzvimbo-dzakateedzana dzakateedzana dzinoratidza tsika dzechinyakare dzinotenderera (5, 17].
Kunyangwe iyo data qualitative pane iyo lic worksforce iri kuongorora zvabuda zvirongwa, pane kushomeka kwehuchapupu hwacho hunogona kushandira mumaruwa ekutarisira achienzaniswa nezvimedu zvakapedza kudzidza kubva kune mamwe marudzi emhando [8, 18]. Brown et al (2021) akaitisa ongororo yekubatira yebasa mune yakaderera nyika Sarudzo nezvebasa [18]. Uyezve, pane chinodiwa chekutsvaga sarudzo dzebasa revadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza, vachiri varapi vakakodzera kuita zvisarudzo zvekuita, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatarisa pane zvevadzidzi uye zvinangwa zvevadzidzi uye vanachiremba vevadzidzi [11, 18, 19].
Zvinenge zvichinakidza kudzidza kuti mapurogiramu ekumararamisa aLic akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa sei Iyo inochengetedzeka maitiro ekufunga akashandiswa kupindura mibvunzo yekutsvagisa uye ivhaiwo conceptual calmwork ichitsanangura zvinhu zvevashandi vebasa rakapesvedzera maitiro aya.
Iyi inzvimbo inokatyamadza inovaka. Izvi zvakazivikanwa sezvakakodzera zvakarongeka maitiro ekufunga nekuti (i) chakazivisa hukama pakati pekuunganidza data, izvo zvakavakwa nemapato maviri (II) zvainzi nzira dzakakodzera dzekururamisira munharaunda Tsvagurudzo. , semuenzaniso, kugoverwa kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvekurapa, uye (iii) zvinogona kutsanangura chiitiko chakadai se "zvakaitika" pane kungoongorora nekutsanangura [makumi maviri].
Dheakin University's Chiremba weMishonga (MD) Degree (yaimbova Bachelor yemushonga) yakapihwa muGiredhi Makore Makore Ositireriya. Maererano neAustralia Model Model Model (MMM) Geographical Likement System, MMM2 (metropolitan nzvimbo), mm4 (metheni emaguta) maguta)) [21].
Makore maviri ekutanga ezvikamu zvekutanga (zvekurapa kumashure) akaitwa muGeelong (MM1). Mumakore echitatu neyechina, vadzidzi vanoita zvekiriniki kudzidziswa Rccs) chirongwa; ), inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seyemhando yemifananidzo (mm 3-5) kusvika 2014 (Fig. 1).
RCCS LIC ENRELLELE ISTELLE Vadzidzi makumi maviri gore rega rega kushanda mumaGramans uye South Western Victoria Dunhu panguva yeMD yavo yeMD. Nzira yekusarudza iri kuburikidza neyavanoda system iyo vadzidzi vanosarudza chikoro chekiriniki mune yavo yechipiri. Chirongwa ichi chinogamuchira vadzidzi vane akasiyana siyana zvaunoda kubva pakutanga kusvika paChishanu. Maguta chaiwo anobva agoverwa maererano nemudzidzi zvavanofarira uye kubvunzana. Vadzidzi vanogoverwa maguta kunyanya mumapoka evana vaviri kusvika mana.
Vadzidzi vanoshanda neGPS uye yemunharaunda ekumaruwa mabasa ehutano, nehurongwa hwevanhu (GP) sewaronga yavo yekutanga.
Vatsvagiri vana vakapinda muchidzidzo ichi vanobva kune akasiyana siyana nevanoita mabasa, asi vanogovana zvakanyanya mudzidzisi mune zvekurapa uye kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwekurapa kwekurapa. Patinoshandisa dzidziso inovaka, tinofunga nezvemamiriro edu ezvinhu, zviitiko, ruzivo, zvatinoita, zvavanofarira kuita kuti zvidzorere mibvunzo yekutsvaga, maitiro ekubvunzurudza, ongororo yedata, uye yekuvaka yedata. JB ndeye hutano hwekumaruwa muongorori ane ruzivo mukutsvagurudza kwakakodzera, kushanda kuLic uye kurarama munzvimbo yekumaruwa yenzvimbo yeLIC yeLIC. LF ishandare yemudzidzisi uye chiremba wechirongwa chechirongwa cheLIC kuDhiakin University uye inobatanidzwa mukudzidzisa vadzidzi veLIC. MB uye HB kune vekumaruwa vatsvagiri vane ruzivo mukuita zvirongwa zvekutsvagisa uye kugara mumaruwa sechikamu chekudzidziswa kwavo kweLIC.
Reflexivity uye ruzivo rwemuongorori uye hunyanzvi hwaishandiswa kududzira uye kuwana zvinoreva kubva kune ino yakapfuma data set. Muzvikamu zvese zve data uye kuongorora, kukurukurirana kazhinji kwakaitika, kunyanya pakati peJB uye MB. Hb uye lf zvakapa rutsigiro pese pese pese uye kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwedivi repakati nepfungwa.
Vatori vechikamu vaive Deakin University yekurapa vadzidzi (2011-2020) kuenda kuLic. Kukokwa kwekutora chikamu muchidzidzo chakatumirwa neRCCS nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi hwevashandi kuburikidza neyekutumira mameseji meseji. Vanofarira vatori vechikamu vakakumbirwa kuti vabudirire pakunyoresa ruzivo kuburikidza nekunyoreswa ruzivo kuburikidza neAzimendi ongororo [22], vachiratidza kuti ivo (i) vakanga vagadzirira chirevo chechidzidzo uye chinodikanwa, uye (ii) vaive nechido kutora chikamu mukutsvaga. avo vakafonerwa nevanoongorora kuti varonge nguva yakakodzera yekubvunzurudzwa. Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo yebasa revatori vechikamu dzakanyorwa zvakare.
Kuunganidzwa kwevatori vechikamu kwakaitwa mumatanho matatu: Chikamu chekutanga chekupedza kudzidza muna 2017-20, chikamu chechipiri chevadzidzi va200-2016, uye chidimbu chechitatu kuvapedza 2011-2013 (Fig. 2). Pakutanga, samplive yezvinangwa yakashandiswa kubata vakapedza kudzidza uye nechokwadi chekusiyana siyana. Vamwe vakapedza kudzidza pakutanga vakatanga kufarira kutora chikamu muchidzidzo havana kubvunzurudzwa nekuti havana kupindura chikumbiro chemuongorori kwenguva yekubvunzurudzwa. Maitiro akasarudzika anobvumirwa anobvumidzwa kuita chiitiko chekuunganidza data uye kuongororwa, kutsigira kudzikisira kwekutanga, kusimudzira uye kunatsiridza, uye chizvarwa chefundo [20].
Vatori vechikamu vanodzidzisa chirongwa. Lic vakapedza kudzidza vatori vechikamu mune refuitudinal yakabatanidzwa clerkship chirongwa. Chirevo chezvinangwa chinoreva kunyora sampuli dzakasiyana yevatori vechikamu.
Kubvunzurudzwa kwakaitwa nevaongorori jb uye MB. Mvumo yemazambuko yakawanikwa kubva kune vatori vechikamu uye odhiyo yakanyorwa isati yatanga kubvunzurudzwa. A Semi-yakarongedzwa kubvumirana kwekubvunzurudza uye kuongorora kwakabatana pakutanga kwakatanga kutungamira maitiro ekubvunzurudza (Tafura 1). Mbiru yacho yakazonyoreredzwa uye yakaedzwa kuburikidza nedata yekuunganidza uye kuongororwa kuti iite mafambiro ekutsvagira nedzidziso yedzidziso. Kubvunzurudzwa kwakaitwa nefoni, Audio yakanyorwa, yakanyorwa vervatim, uye isingazivikanwe. Kubvunzurudzwa kwakaziviswa kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika pamaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu, neavhareji kureba kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Kuongororwa kwedata usati waongorora, vatori vechikamu vakatumirwa makopi ezvinyorwa zvekubvunzurudza kuitira kuti vawedzere kana kugadzirisa ruzivo.
Mabhure nezvozvinyorwa zvakaiswa muChidimbu Software Package QSR NVVO Version 12 (Lumivero) yeWindows kuti iwane data yekuongorora data [23]. Vanotsvaga JB uye MB vakateerera, verenga, uye vakarongedza kubvunzana kwega kwega. Chinyorwa-chinonyorwa chinowanzoshandiswa kurekodha zvisina kurongwa pfungwa nezve data, makodhi, uye mapoka ematare (20].
Kuunganidzwa kwedata uye kuongororwa kunoitika panguva imwe chete, paine maitiro ega ega achizivisa mumwe. Iyi nzira yekuenzanisa yekufananidza yakashandiswa mumatanho ese ekuongorora data. Semuenzaniso, kuenzanisa data nedata, kuora uye kunatsa makodhi kukudziridza madhiri ekutsvagisa zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwefundo [20]. Vanotsvaga JB uye MB vakasangana kazhinji kuti vakurukure pekutanga coding uye kuziva nzvimbo dzekutarisa panguva yeiyo iterative data yekuunganidza maitiro.
Coding yakatanga neyekutanga mutsara-ne-line colling umo data "rakaputswa pasi" uye akavhura makodhi akaiswa akatsanangura zviitiko uye maitiro anoenderana ne "zvaiitika" mu data. Chikamu chinotevera chekukanda chakanyorwa Pakupedzisira, yakawedzera kuwanda kwekutanga kunoshandiswa kuvaka dzidziso. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukurukura uye kubvumirana pazvinhu zvekuongorora nezvechikwata chose chedzidzo, chichiona kuti chinotsanangura zvakajeka zvinonyatsoitika.
Dhairo yeDemographic yakaunganidzwa kuburikidza neyakawandisa Ongororo isati yasvika pakurevedzerwa kwega kwega kwekuve nechokwadi kwevatori vechikamu uye kuti vazivisike kuongorora. Data rakaunganidzwa
Zviwanikwa zvinozivisa kukura kweiyo conceptual framework iyo inoratidza mashandiro ekupesvedzera kupesvedzera vanopedza kudzidza 'kweGeographic uye basa rebasa.
Vadzidzi makumi matatu nenhanhatu vakapedza vakapedza kudzidza muchidzidzo. Pfupi, 53,8% yevatori vechikamu vaive vakadzi, makumi mana nenomwe.
Iyi yekumaruwa yerudzi rwechiremera inotarisa pane izvo zvinhu zvechirongwa chekumaruwa chinoita sarudzo dzevadzidzi vanopedza kudzidza Sechisarudzo chekuita chebasa, ingave iri yega kana kuti Symbiotic (Mufananidzo 3). Izvi zvinotevera zvakawanikwa zvinowanikwa zvinotsanangura zvinhu zvechimiro uye zvinosanganisira makotesheni kubva kune vatori vechikamu kuratidza izvo zvinoreva.
Mabasa ekiriniki anopedzwa kuburikidza neyavanoda system, saka vatori vechikamu vanogona kusarudza zvirongwa zvakasiyana. Pakati peavo vakasarudza kutora chikamu, pakanga paine mapoka maviri evadzidzi vevadzidzi: avo vakasarudza kutora chikamu muchirongwa (vanozvisarudzira), uye avo vasina kusarudza asi vakataurwa nezvacho rcc. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mune pfungwa dzekushandisa (boka rekupedzisira) uye kusimbiswa (yekutanga boka). Kamwe zvakabatanidzwa mukuita, pfungwa dzekufunda dzekugadzira mikova uye pa-saiti yekudzidziswa kuwedzera chikamu nekupa vatori vechikamu nemukana wekuziva uye kuenzanisa kuronga kwehutano munzira yeHolistic.
Pasinei nedanho rekuzvisarudzira, vatori vechikamu vaiwanzoita nezve ruzivo rwavo uye vakataura kuti lic yaive gore rekudzidza izvo zvisina kungounza nzvimbo dzekiriniki, asi zvakare rakavapawo nekuenderera mberi muzvidzidzo zvavo uye hwaro hwakasimba hwe mabasa avo. Kuburikidza nenzira yakabatanidzwa yekuendesa chirongwa ichi, ivo vakadzidza nezvehupenyu hwekumaruwa, mushonga wekumaruwa, maitiro mazhinji uye akasarudzika mashandiro ekurapa.
Vamwe vatori vechikamu vakashuma kuti dai vasina kupedza chirongwa ichi vachidzidziswa nenzvimbo yemetropolitan, vangadai vasina kumbobvira vafunga kana kunzwisisa maitiro avo ega uye nyanzvi munzvimbo yekumaruwa. Izvi pakupedzisira zvinotungamira kune convergence yezvinhu uye zvine hunyanzvi zvinhu, senge mhando yechiremba vanoratidza kuti vanozoita, uye mararamiro avanenge vachiita sekusvika kwenzvimbo uye kuwanikwa kwehupenyu hwekumaruwa.
Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti dai ndangogara kuX [Metropolitan nzvimbo] kana chimwe chinhu chakadai, saka isu tingadai takangogara munzvimbo imwe, ini handifunge (varoorani) vangadai vakazviita, kusvetuka uku ( pabasa mumaruwa) zvaisazofanira kumanikidzwa (general tsika registrar, kumaruwa maitiro).
Kutora chikamu muchirongwa kunopa mukana wekuratidza uye kusimbisa vavariro dzapedza kudzidza kuti vashande mumaruwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kweizvozvo iwe wakakurira munzvimbo yekumaruwa uye unonaka kuti uverengenyendo munzvimbo yakafanana mushure mekupedza kudzidza. Kune ivavo vatori vechikamu pakutanga vakatanga kuitwa kuti vapinde mudzidzisi, kuti zvakaitika kwavari vakasangana nezvatinotarisira uye vakasimbisa kuzvipira kwavo mukutevera nzira iyi.
Iyo (iri mu lic) ingosimbisa zvandafunga zvandaifunga uye zvakanyatso kusimbisa chibvumirano uye ini ndisina kana kumbofunga nezvekunyorera nzvimbo yeMetro muGoundy gore kana kumbofunga nezvazvo. nezvekushanda muMetro (Psychiatrist, Clinic Clinic).
Kune vamwe, kutora chikamu kwakasimbisa kuti hupenyu hwekumaruwa / hutano hauna kuzadzisa zvadzo uye zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa. Zvinonetsa zvega zvega zvinokonzeresa kubva kumhuri uye neshamwari, pamwe nekuwana masevhisi akadai sedzidzo uye hutano hwehutano. Vakaona kuwanda kweiyo-yekufona basa kunoitwa nevaranda vekumaruwa sekudzivirira kwebasa.
Maneja wangu weguta anogara achibata. Naizvozvo, ini ndinofunga kuti mararamiro aya haana kukodzera ini (GP pakiriniki clinic).
Kudzidza kuronga mikana uye maitiro evadzidzi kudzidza pesvedzera sarudzo dzebasa. Zvinhu zvisingabvumirwe zve lic .
Nekuti zvidzidzo zvezvekurapa zviri munzira dzinodzidziswa, vatori vechikamu vane mwero wakakura wekuzvishingisa uye vanogona kuzvitungamira uye kuwana yavo mikana yekudzidza. Vachengeti vechikamu vanokura pamusoro pegore ravanowana nzwisiso yekunzwisisa uye kuchengetedzwa mukati mechimiro chechirongwa, kuwana kugona kuita zvakadzama-siyana pakuongorora kwakadzika mumatanho ekiriniki. Izvi zvaibvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vaenzanise kurangwa munguva chaiyo, vachiratidza kukwezva kwavo kunzvimbo dzakanangana nekiriniki dzavanowanzo mugumo serinokosha.
KuRCC Muchokwadi, ini ndinoenda kuchipatara zuva rega rega ... zvinoreva kuti ndinogona kushandisa nguva yakawanda mumba yekukurumidzira, imwe nguva mukamuri yekushandisa, uye ita zvandiri kufarira (anesthesilogist, maitiro ekumaruwa).
Chimiro chechirongwa chinobvumira vadzidzi kuti vasangane nevarwere vasina kudzidza vacho vacho vakachengeteka kuti vawane hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, vanokudziridza hunyanzvi hwekukurukurirana uye kuronga kuronga kuronga kuronga kunamatira. Iyi yekuzvimiririra kusiyanisa nekudzoka kuti udzivise kutenderera mugore rechina, kana kunzwiwa kuti kune mikana mishoma yekumanikidza varwere vasina basa uye pane kudzokera kune chinzvimbo chevaridzi. Semuenzaniso, mudzidzi mumwe chete akataura kuti kana zvazvo zvechiriniki chiitiko mumatunhu mazhinji anga ari nguva yechina, yaakange asinganzwisise kuita kwechiitiko chedzinza uye akataura kudzidzisa mune imwe nyanzvi . .
Uye ini ndakanga ndisina ruzivo rwakanaka zvachose (kutenderera GP zviuno). Nekudaro, ini ndinonzwa kuti kana ichi chaive chiitiko changu chete murefu tsika, pamwe sarudzo yangu yebasa ingadai yakave yakasiyana ... Ini ndinongonzwa kunge kutambisa nguva yandinongoita (GP, kumaruwa) kuti izvi) sei nzvimbo yebasa. .
Longitudinal Attachment inobvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vagadzire hukama hunoenderera nevarapi vanoshanda sevarairidzi uye nemhando dzekutevedzera. Vatori vechiremba vakatsvaga vanachiremba uye vakapedza nguva nenguva navo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, senge nguva uye rutsigiro rwavakapa, kuwanikwa, kuyemurwa kwemuenzaniso wavo, uye hunhu hwavo uye hunhu hwavo. Kuenderana newe kana vamwe. Kuda kukudziridza. Models / verteors vaingova vatori vechikamu vakapiwa vatori vechikamu pasi pekutarisirwa kweGP, asiwo vamiriri vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana kwekurapa, kusanganisira vanachiremba, vanoreva uye vanoriya uye anesthetistist.
Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Ini ndiri panguva x (lic nzvimbo). Paive neanesthesiologist uyo aive asina kukodzera kutarisira iyo ICU, ndinofunga kuti akatarisira iyo icu pa x (yekumaruwa) aive neyakagadzirisazve, akanyanya kuvanzika kwandakasangana nawo akagadzikana nezvezvinhu zvakawanda. Yaive ichi chisingagoneki chisingafadzi chakanyatsoita neni. (anesthesilogist, chiremba weguta)
Kunzwisisa chaiko kwekupindirana kwevachengeti vechiremba uye hupenyu hwega uye hupenyu hwomunhu hwakarondedzerwa sekupa nzwisiso yakazivikanwa mumararamiro avo uye vaidavirwa kukurudzira vatori vechikamu kutevera nzira dzakafanana. Iko kune zvakare kurongeka kwehupenyu hwechiremba, kutorwa kubva mumagariro emusha wemusha.
Mugore rese, vatori vechikamu vanokura nekiriniki, hunyanzvi hwega uye nehunyanzvi kugona kuburikidza nemaoko kuburikidza nemaoko, pamikana yekudzidza yakapihwa kuburikidza nehukama hwakagadzirwa nevarapi, varwere nevashandi vepachechi. Iko kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu izvi zvechiriniki uye kutaurirana kwekukurukurirana kazhinji kunosanganisira nzvimbo yakatarwa yekiriniki, senge mushonga mukuru kana anesthesia. Semuenzaniso, mune dzakawanda nyaya, kupedza aneshesiologists uye general anesthesiologists avo akarondedzera kwavo hunyanzvi hwekutanga, pamwe nekuzvibata kwavo kwavakawedzera kana hunyanzvi hwavo hwakawedzerwa vakazivikanwa uye vakapihwa mubayiro. Uku kunzwa kuchasimbiswa nekudzidziswa kwakazotevera. Uye kuchave nemikana yekuwedzera kukura.
Zvinotonhorera chaizvo. Ini ndinofanira kuita intubations, musina anesthesia, nezvimwe, uye mushure megore rinotevera ndichapedza kugadzirwazve ... anesthesiology kudzidziswa. Ini ndichave general anesthetist uye ini ndinofunga icho chaive chikamu chakanakisa chechiitiko changu chiri kushanda ipapo (lic scheme) (General Anesthesia Registrar, kushanda munzvimbo yekumaruwa).
On-site kudzidziswa kana mamiriro eProjekiti airondedzerwa sekuve nekukanganiswa pane zvisarudzo zvebasa revatori vechikamu. Zvirongwa zvakatsanangurwa semubatanidzwa wemaruwa marongero, general tsika, hupombwe dzimba dzemakiromita uye eginicial marongero (semuenzaniso anoshanda maateri) kana marongero. Pfungwa dzine chekuita nenzvimbo, kusanganisira pfungwa yenharaunda, nyaradzo yezvemamiriro ekunze, uye rudzi rwekiriniki kuratidzwa kwekiriniki, zvinoshamisa zvisarudzo zvechikamu kuti zvishande munzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye / kana tsika general.
Pfungwa yenharaunda yakakurudzira sarudzo dzeCommutotarisira kuti dzirambe dzichiita tsika. Kukwikwidza kwechiitiko chakawanda sebasa ndekwekuti kunogadzira nzvimbo ine hushamwari kune vatezvara mune vatori vechikamu vanogona kufambidzana uye vanoona varapi uye vairatidzika kunakidzwa uye kuwana pfungwa yekugutsikana kubva kubasa kwavo.
Vatori vechikamu vakazivawo kukosha kwekuvaka hukama nevanharaunda yemurwere. Kugutsikana kwako pachako kunowanikwa nekuziva varwere uye kuvandudza hukama hunoenderera nekufamba kwenguva pavanenge vachitevera nzira yavo, dzimwe nguva chete mugadziriro yekiriniki yakawanda. Izvi zvinopesana nezvinodiwa zvisina kunaka zvechiitiko chechiitiko, senge mumadhipatimendi emergency, apo panogona kunge kusave nechisungo chekutevera kwemarasha.
Nekudaro, iwe unosvika pakuziva varwere vako, pamwe chaizvo, zvimwe zvandiri kuda zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuve neukama hwokuenderera mberi kwauinawo nevarwere vako ... uye nekuvakira hukama uhu, uye dzimwe nguva muzvipatara uye zvimwe zviitiko zvehunyanzvi , iwe unogona ... iwe unovaona kamwe chete kana kaviri, uye kazhinji hauzombovaona zvakare (general pirongwa, metropolitan kiriniki).
Kuratidzwa kune general tsika uye kutora chikamu mukubvunzana kwekubvunzana kwakapa vatori vechikamu kunzwisiswa kwehupamhi hwechinyakare mechiChinese mushonga, kunyanya mumaruwa maitiro. Vasati vava vadzidzi, vamwe vatori vechikamu vakafunga kuti vaite zvakawanda, asi vazhinji vatori vechikamu vakazova GPS havana chokwadi kuti vaiti vanga vaine mufananidzo weClinic nyanzvi kufarira kwenguva refu.
Sezvo anga aita zviito zveGP semudzidzi anonyudzwa, ini ndofunga yangu yekutanga kuratidzwa kweGPS yakawanda uye ndakafunga kuti vamwe varwere vaivamo, mashandisiro akasiyana-siyana uye anonakidza sei GPS (GP) anogona kunge ari, maitiro ekuita. ).
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-31-2024