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Meno anoonekwa seyakanyanya kuratidzwa yezera remurume wemuviri uye kazhinji anoshandiswa mukuongorora kwezera. Takaverengera kuti tisimbise kuunganidzwa kwemazwi ehudhudhu. Yakazara 2657 panoramic radiographs yakaunganidzwa kubva kuKorea nevagari vechiJapan vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika pamakore makumi maviri nematatu. Ivo vakakamurwa kuva seti yekudzidziswa, imwe neimwe iine 900 Korea radiographs, uye bvunzo yemukati yakaiswa ine 857 radio emaxtle. Isu tichienzanisa kurongeka kweiyo uye kushanda kwetsika nzira dzechinyakare nema bvunzo emhando yemugodhi emugodhi. Iko kurongeka kwechinyakare nzira pane yemukati bvunzo seti yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura iyo yemuenzaniso wemugodhi wemugodhi, uye mutsauko uri mudiki Iko kusarudzika kwekuita kweiyo makore gumi nemasere cutoff kwakafanana pakati penzira dzechinyakare uye mhando dzemifananidzo. Saka, nzira dzechinyakare dzinogona kutsiviwa nemhando dzemifananidzo kana uchiita ongororo yezera uchishandisa kukura kwechipiri uye yechitatu morealcencent uye vakuru vechidiki.
Dental zera quatimation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemushonga uye pediatric Dentistry. Kunyanya, nekuda kwekukakavara kwakakura pakati pehukama uye mazambiringa ekuvandudza, zera rekusimudzira nemazino ekuvandudza matanho echiitiko chakakosha chekuongorora zera revana nevechikukura1,2,3. Nekudaro, kune vechidiki, kufungidzira mazino mazera zvichibva pamazino kukura kwemazino kune zvavasingakwanisi nekuti kukura kwemeno kunenge kwapera, kunze kweiyo yechitatu morlings. Chinangwa chepamutemo chekusarudza zera revagari vechidiki nevachiri kuyaruka nderokupa fungidziro dzakarurama uye humbowo hwesainzi hwe ukasvika pazera revanhu vazhinji. Muchiitiko cheMedicyo-chepamutemo chevachiri kuyaruka nevakuru vechidiki muKorea, zera raifungidzirwa kuti nzira yeLee, uye chikumbaridzo chepamutemo chemakore gumi nemasere akafanotaurwa pane data rakataurwa neOH 5.
Kudzidza kwemuchina rudzi rwechinyakare njere (AI) izvo zvinodzokorora zvinodzokorora uye zvichikanganisa huwandu hwakawanda hwe data, hunogadzirisa matambudziko ari pachayo, uye anotyaira programming. Kudzidza kwemuchina kunogona kuwana zvakavanzika zvakavanzika mumavhoriyamu makuru e data6. Mukupesana, nzira dzepasirese, dzinoshanda-dzakasimba uye dzinoparadza nguva, dzinogona kunge dzisingakwanisi pakubata nehombe hombe dze data yakaoma iyo yakaoma kugadzirisa manully7. Naizvozvo, zvakawanda zvidzidzo zvakaitwa nguva pfupi yadarika uchishandisa tekinoroji emapikicha ekupedzisira kuti uderedze zvikanganiso zvevanhu uye zvinobudirira maitiro ehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu Kunyanya, kudzidza zvakadzama kwave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvekurapa kwechifananidzo, uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutarisa radiographs dzakaziviswa kuti dzivandudze kunyatso fungisisa13,10,10,10,10,20,10,20,10,10,10,20 . Semuenzaniso, halabi et al 13 yakagadzira muchina wokudzidza algorithm algorithm yakavakirwa neyeraine neural network (CNN) yekufungidzira zera rekusimbisa radiographs yeradio emaoko evana. Ichi chidzidzo chinopa muenzaniso unoshandisa muchina waunodzidza ku mifananidzo yekurapa uye inoratidza kuti idzi nzira dzinogona kugadzirisa hutsva. Li t al14 inofungidzirwa zera kubva pane pelvic X-ray mifananidzo ichidzidza CNN uye ivizvifananidze nekudzoreredzwa kunoguma nekushandisa fungidziro yekufungidzira. Vakaona kuti kudzidzisa kwakadzama CNN modhi kwakaratidza zera rimwe chete rekufungidzira kuita senge tsika yekudzora tsika. Guo et al. Kudzidza [15] Kuongorora zera rekusimbisa kweCNCEPLICE Performance yeCNTTE PERCULY OCTHOPHOTOTOT
Vazhinji vezvidzidzo pazera rekufunga vachishandisa kudzidza muchina vachishandisa nzira dzekufunda dzedzidzo13,1414,10,10,17,10,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,20. Kufungidzira kwezera zvichibva pane zvakadzama kudzidza kunotaurwa kuve kwakanyatsojeka pane nzira dzechinyakare. Nekudaro, nzira iyi inopa mukana mudiki kuendesa hwaro hwesainzi kwechizvarwa, senge zviratidzo zvezera zvinoshandiswa mukufungidzira. Kune zvakare gakava repamutemo pamusoro pekuti ndiani anoitisa fungidziro. Naizvozvo, kufungidzira kwakavakirwa pakudzidza kwakadzama kwakaoma kugamuchira nevane basa rekutonga uye vatongi. Mining Mining (DM) ndiyo nzira iyo inogona kuona haina kutarisirwa chete asiwo ruzivo rusingatarisirwi senzira yekuwana maitiro ekunyora pakati pehuwandu hwe data6,21,22. Kudzidza kwemuchina kunowanzoshandiswa mumigodhi yedata, uye ese maviri emugodhi emuchina uye kudzidza muchina uchishandisa iyo kiyi yakafanana algoriths kuti uwane mapatani mu data. Kufungidzira kwezera uchishandisa Dental Budiriro yakavakirwa pane yekuongorora kwechiitiko chekukura kwemazino emazino, uye kuongororwa uku kunoratidzwa sechiitiko chezino kune imwe neimwe zino ratidziro. DM inogona kushandiswa kuongorora iyo correlation pakati pemazino ekuongorora kwezana uye chairo zera uye ine mukana wekutsiva tsika dzechinyakare dzidziso. Naizvozvo, kana tikashandisa matekinoroji eDM kusvika kuhuchi, tinogona kuita muchina kudzidza mukufembera kwechiitiko pasina kunetseka nezvechikwereti chepamutemo. Zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvekufananidza zvakaburitswa pane dzimwe nzira dzenyama dzenyama nzira dzechinyakare dzinoshandiswa mukuita kwekufembera uye EBM-yakavakirwa nzira dzekusarudza zera remazino. Shen et al23 yakaratidza kuti iyo DM modhi iri yakarurama kupfuura iyo yechinyakare yemicheki Fomula. Galibourg et al2y yakashandisa akasiyana DM nzira kufanotaura nezveComm Creadsion Defition
Kufungidzira zera remazera evana veKorea vari kuyaruka uye vakuru vechidiki, nzira yaLee 4 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muKorea maitiro. Iyi nzira inoshandisa tsika dzechinyakare dzidziso (dzakadai sekudzoreredzwa kwakawanda) kuti uongorore hukama pakati peKorea zvidzidzo uye chronological zera. Mune chidzidzo ichi, zera rekufungidzira nzira dzakawanikwa uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzinotsanangurwa se "nzira dzechinyakare." Nzira yeLee ndiyo nzira yechinyakare, uye kurongeka kwayo kwakasimbiswa neOh et al. 5; Nekudaro, kushandisirwa kwezera rezera zvichibva pane iyo DM modhi muKorea Forensic tsika ichiri kusakosha. Chinangwa chedu chaive chekusimbisa kwesainzi chaiko kubatsira kwezera rekusimbisa zvichibva pamhando yeDM. Chinangwa cheichi chidzidzo chaive (1) kuenzanisa chokwadi chemhando mbiri dzeDM muEquels zera uye (2) kuenzanisa mamiriro ekurongedza kwemakore gumi nemasere neaya akawanikwa uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare uye yechitatu mores mune mbiri shaya.
Zvinoreva uye kuitiswa kwekushandurwa kwechiitiko nedanho uye mhando yemazino inoratidzwa online Iyo kapapa inokoshesa yeIntra- uye interrobesver kuvimbika kwakawanikwa kubva kuTrayiti Yakatemwa yaive 0.951 uye 0.947, zvichiteerana. P kukosha uye 95% chivimbo chekusimbisa kweKappa kukosha kwakaratidzwa muInternet Supplementary tafura S4. Iyo kappa kukosha yakadudzirwa se "anenge akakwana", inoenderana neiyo nzira yeLandis uye Koch26.
Paunenge uchienzanisa kuti kukanganisa Kwakakwana (Mae), iyo nzira yechinyakare, iyo nzira yechinyakare inobuda modhi yevatengi vese uye mune yekuyera kweyekuyera kweyekuongororwa, kunze kweiyo multilayer perceptron (MLP). Musiyano uripo pakati petsika yemhando uye dm modhi pane yemukati mae bvunzo set yaive 0.12-0 Kune iyo yekunze yekuongorora bhatiri, misiyano idiki (0.001-0.05 makore kune varume uye 0.05-0.1909 makore evakadzi). Pamusoro pezvo, iyo midzi inoreva kuti mrapt chikanganiso (RMSE) yakaderera pane iyo nzira yetsika, ine misiyano midiki (0.17-0.000 yechiitiko yemukati, uye 0.040.08 ). MLP inoratidza zvishoma kuita zviri nani pane imwe chete layer perceptron (SlP), kunze kwekunge mune yemurume ekunze kwekunze bvunzo. For mae uye rmse, iyo yekunze bvunzo seta zviyero zvakakwirira kupfuura bvunzo yemukati yakagadzirirwa kune vese varume nevarume. All mae uye rmse inoratidzwa muTafura 1 uye Mufananidzo 1.
Mae uye RMSE YEMADZIMAI YEMADZIMAI uye DZIDZO DZESVONDO DZESVONDO DZESVONDO. Zvinoreva kuti Mhedzisiro Mae Mae, midzi inorevesa mraba chikanganiso RMSE, SEATLE LEGERS SLP, multilayer Perceptron MLP, echinyakare cm nzira.
Kuita Kwemakore 27 (Tafura 2, Mufananidzo 2 uye Chekuwedzera Mufananidzo 1 online). Panyaya yekunzwa kwekunzwa kweiyo yemukati bvunzo bhatiri, nzira dzechinyakare dzakaitwa zvakanyanya pakati pevarume uye vakaipisisa pakati pevakadzi. Nekudaro, musiyano wekuita commisming performance pakati penzira dzechinyakare uye sd iri 9.7% yevarume (mlp) uye chete 2.4% yevakadzi (xgboost). Pakati peDM Models, logistic Regenst (LR) yakaratidza kunzwa kuri nani mune vaviri vaviri vezera. Pamusoro pechokwadi cheiyo yemukati bvunzo seti, zvakaonekwa kuti mitezo ina yeSD yakaita zvakanaka muvanhurume, nepo maitiro echinyakare akaita zvirinani mune vakadzi. Misiyano mukukakavara kwemazwi kune varume nevakadzi vane 13.3% (MLP) uye 13.1% (zvinyorwa), zvichiteerana, zvichiratidza kuti mutsauko wekuita pakati pemhando dzinodarika kunzwa. Pakati peDM Models, Iyo Yekutsigira Vector Machine (SVM), Muti weSarudzo Iyo aurow yeiyo tsika yemhando uye ese SD mhando yaive yakakura kupfuura 0.925 (K-padyo muvakidzani (KNN) muvarume), kuratidza maitiro akanakisa mukusarura samples 18. Kune yekubvunzwa kwekunze set, pakanga paine kuderera kwekurongedza kuita maererano nekunzwa, chokwadi uye aureruc ichienzaniswa nemuedzo wemukati. Uyezve, musiyano mukunzwa uye chokwadi pakati pekuita kwekunyora kwemhando yepamusoro uye dzakaipisisa kubva ku10% kusvika ku25% uye yaive yakakura kupfuura mutsauko wemukati wekuedzwa.
Sensitivity uye chokwadi chemagariro emugodhi emugodhi maficha achienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare ne cutoff yemakore gumi nemasere. Knn K pedyo Muvakidzani vekoreti, LR Logis Curnes, DT Sarudzo Muti, RF Rinoshanda Sango, XGB xgboosst, MLP Multlalyer Perceptron, tsika yeCM.
Nhanho yekutanga mune ino yekudzidza yaive yekuenzanisa chokwadi chechiitiko chezera rinowanikwa kubva kune manomwe DM mhando ne idzo dzakawanikwa dzidziso yetsika. Mae uye RMse akaongororwa muyedzo wekuedzwa emhando yevakadzi vese vechinyakare, uye musiyano wepakati uye mimhanzi yeDM yakabuda kubva pamazuva makumi manomwe nemasere kusvika makumi matanhatu nemasere kusvika makumi masere nemasere kusvika makumi masere nemasere eRMSE. Kunyangwe iyo nzira yechinyakare yaive yakanyatsojeka mune ichi chidzidzo, zvakaoma kugumisa kuti musiyano mudiki wakadaro une kukosha kwekiriniki kana kunoshanda. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kunyatsoita kwezana zera rekutarisa uchishandisa iyo DM modhi yakangofanana neiyo yeiyo tsika yechinyakare. Kuenzanisa kwakananga nezvemhedzisiro kubva pane zvakapfuura zvidzidzo zvakaoma nekuti hapana chidzidzo chakafananidza iyo yeDM models ine nzira dzechinyakare dzichishandisa hunyanzvi hwekurekodha mazino mune imwe zera renyaya sechiitiko ichi. Galibourg et al24 Enzha M Mae uye RMSE pakati pezvimwe chete nzira dzechinyakare Vakataura kuti mwero ese eDM aive akanyatsojeka pane nzira dzechinyakare, nemisiyano ye1,20 uye 0.25 uye makore 0.25 muRMSE PEVELEMS uye Nzira Dzemidhidhi uye zvichiteerana. Sarudzo pakati peSD modhi uye nzira dzechinyakare dzinoratidzwa mukudzidza kwelaboorg muchidzidzo ichi. Tai et al 34 yakashandisa iyo MLP Algorithm kufanotaura zera zera kubva muna 1636 Chinese orthodontic mifananidzo uye ichienzaniswa nekurongeka kwayo nemhedzisiro yeiyo demirjian uye willems nzira. Vakataura kuti MlP ine yakanyanya kurongeka pane nzira dzechinyakare. Musiyano uripo pakati peiyo demirdjian nzira uye nzira yechinyakare ndeye <0.32 makore, uye nzira yeWillems ndeye 0.28 makore, iyo yakafanana nemhedzisiro yeiyo gadziriso yazvino yekudzidza. Mhedzisiro yeaya ezvidzidzo zvakapfuura44,34 zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvazvino, uye zera rekufungidzira kweiyo DM modhi uye nzira yechinyakare yakafanana. Nekudaro, zvichibva pamhedzisiro yazvino, tinogona chete kugumisa kuti kushandiswa kweDM Models kuAestate Ages inogona kutsiva nzira dziripo nekuda kwekushayikwa kwezvinhu zvekufananidza uye zvinongedzo zvakapfuura zvidzidzo. Tevera-Up fundo uchishandisa samples hombe dzinodiwa kuti ubvumidze mhedzisiro inowanikwa muchidzidzo ichi.
Pakati pezvidzidzo zvinoedza chokwadi cheSD mukufungidzira zera zera, vamwe vakaratidza chokwadi chakanyanya kupfuura kudzidza kwedu. Stepanovsky et al 35 Aspiles 22 SD mhando dzekupaza radiofomu dze976 Czech vagari vemo 2,7 kusvika ku2005 uye vakaedza kurongeka kweumwe neumwe muenzaniso. Vakaongorora kukura kwehuwandu hwegumi nenomwe kumusoro uye vakaderera kuruboshwe meno ekusarongeka uchishandisa maitiro ekuratidzira akaiswa na Moorrees et al 36. Mae mae anobva ku0,64 kusvika pamakore 0.94 uye iyo RMSE LANDS kubva 0.85 kusvika pamakore 1,27, izvo zvakanyatsojeka kupfuura miviri yeDM inoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi. Shen et al23 akashandisa nzira yekamuri yekufungidzira zera remazino emazino emazwi manomwe ezvekuruboshwe muEast Chinese vaGikes ane makore mashanu kusvika gumi nematatu anofungidzirwa kushandisa mutsara wekudzora, SVM uye RF. Vakaratidza kuti ese matatu eDM mhando zvine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya kuenzaniswa neyechivanhu formenisi formula. Mae uye RMSE MUNYAYA DZESVONDO YAKAITWA ZVAKAITWA ZVAKAWANDA KUTI VAVANZE MUFANANIDZO MUDZIMAI MUCHIDZIDZO. Iyo yakawedzera chaiyo yezvidzidzo ne Stepanovsky et al. 35 uye shen et al. 23 Inogona kunge ichikonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvidzidzo zvidiki mumasampu avo ekudzidza. Nekuti zera okusimbisa kwevatori vechikamu nemazino anowedzera sezvo huwandu hwemeno hunowedzera panguva yemazino ekukura, iyo yekukonzerwa nezera rekusimbisa kunogona kukanganiswa kana vatori vechikamu vashoma. Pamusoro pezvo, kukanganisa kwaMLP muzera iri kuderera zvishoma pane slp's, zvichireva kuti MLP iri kunyatsojeka pane slp. MLP inoonekwa zvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma kwezera rekutarisa, pamwe nekuda kwekuvanzika matanho muMLP38. Nekudaro, pane kusarudzika kweyekunze kwemuenzaniso wevakadzi (Slp 1.45, MLP 1.49). Kutsvaga iyo mlp yakanyatsojeka kupfuura iyo slp mukuyera zera inoda zvimwe zvekuwedzera zvidzidzo.
Iko kusarudzika kuita kweiyo DM modhi uye nzira yechinyakare pane chikumbaridzo chegore 18 chekare chakaenzaniswawo. Yese yakaedzwa SD mhando uye nzira dzechinyakare pane yemukati bvunzo yakaratidza huwandu hunogamuchirika hwekusarura kwemuenzaniso une makore gumi nemasere. Kunzwa varume nevakadzi vakakura kupfuura 87.7% uye 94.9%, zvichiteerana, uye chokwadi chakakura kupfuura 89.3% uye 84.7%. Iyo aurac yemhando dzese dzakaedzwawo dzinodarika 0.925. Kune zvakanakisa ruzivo rwedu, hapana kudzidza kwakaedza kuita kwemhando yeDM yeCm yeDM yegumi nemanomwe kuiswa kwemakore gumi nemasere zvichienderana nemazino emeno. Tinogona kuenzanisa mhedzisiro yekudzidza uku nekukasira kuita kwedzidzo dzakadzama dzidzo pakunyora radiograph. Guo et al.15 akaverenga mashandiro ekurongedza kweiyo cnn-yakavakirwa nzira yekudzidzira nzira uye nzira yebhuku zvichibva pane imwe nyaya yezasi kweimwe chikumbaridzo. Iko kunzwira tsitsi uye kufungidzira kweiyo bhuku remanyorero aive 87.7% uye 95,5%, zvichiteerana, uye kufungidzira kweCNN modhi kupfuura 89.2% uye 86.6%, zvichiteerana. Ivo vakagumisa kuti mhando dzakadzama dzidzitiro dzinogona kutsiva kana kudzora bhuku rekuongorora mukutsikisa makore ekuratidzira. Mhedzisiro yekudzidza uku yakaratidza kuita kwakafanana kwekuita; Iyo inotendwa kuti kuiswa kweiyo DM mhando kunogona kutsiva nzira dzechinyakare dzevatambi zera. Pakati pemhando, DM LR yaive yakanakisa muenzaniso maererano nekunzwa kwemhando yemuenzaniso uye kunzwa uye kujeka kwemuenzaniso wechikadzi. Lr inoenderana chechipiri mukujeka kwevanhu. Zvakare, LR inoonekwa seimwe yeiyo yakawanda mushandisi-ane hushamwari DM35 Models uye haina kuderera uye yakaoma kugadzirisa. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro iyi, LR yaionekwa seyakanakisa cutnoff yakajeka muenzaniso wegore rine makore gumi nemasere muKorea.
Kupfuura, iko kurongeka kwezera rekutarisa kana kuita kwekusarudzika pane yekunze bvunzo yakaiswa yaive isina kunaka kana yakaderera ichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yemukati muedzo wemukati. Mamwe mishumo inoratidza kuti kunyatsojeka kana kushanda kwakasarudzika kuchikudza kana zera kufungidzira zvichibva muhuwandu hweKorea zvinoshandiswa kune vanhu veJapan, Iyi nzira yekuoraya yakaonekwawo mumhando yeDM. Naizvozvo, kuti azive zera chaizvo Sezvo isingazivikanwe kuti mhando dzakawanda dzidzitiro dzinogona kuratidza maitiro akafanana, kushanda kwakadzika uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare. kuongororwa.
Isu tinoratidza kuti nzira dzechinyakare dzinogona kutsiviwa nezera rekutarisa zvichibva pane iyo DM modhi mukuita kwezera rekutarisa muKorea. Isu takawanawo mukana wekusimbisa muchina uchidzidza kuongorora kwezera. Nekudaro, pane zvisina kujeka zvaisingakwanisi, senge nhamba isina kukwana yevatori vechikamu muchidzidzo ichi kuti vataure zvakajeka mhedzisiro, uye kushayikwa kwezvidzidzo zvakapfuura kuenzanisa uye kusimbisa mhedzisiro yekudzidza uku. Mune ramangwana, DM zvidzidzo zvinofanirwa kuitiswa nehuwandu hukuru hwemasampuli uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekuvandudza kushandiswa kwayo kunoenderana nekuenzanisa nenzira dzechinyakare. Kuti usimbise kutadza kwekushandisa hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira kuGreatimate zera muhuwandu hwevanhu vazhinji, zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinodiwa kuenzanisa kurongeka uye kushanda kweDM uye nzira dzedzidzo dzakadzama nenzira dzechinyakare mumasampuli akafanana.
Chidzidzo chacho chakashandisa mafoto 2,657 zvaunganiswa kubva kuKorea nevakuru vechiJapan vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri nematatu. Iyo Korea radiographs yakakamurwa kuita 900 kudzidziswa maseti (19.42 ± 2,65 makore) uye 900 yemukati bvunzo seti (19.52 ± 2,59 makore 2,59). Iyo yekudzidziswa yakaunganidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo yechipatara chimwe (Seoul St. Hurvita Chipatara), uye iyo yekuedzwa Yemari yakaunganidzwa pamasangano maviri (Seoul National University Costal Hospital Hostal Chipatara). Isu takaunganidzawo 857 radiographs kubva kune imwe huwandu hwehuwandu-hwakavakirwa data (iwate Medical University, Japan) yekuongororwa kwekunze. Radiographs yezvinyorwa zveJapan (19.31 × 2.60 makore) akasarudzwa seyekunze bvunzo yakatarwa. Dhata yaiunganidzwa kudzokorora kuongorora matanho ekuvandudza mazino pane panoramic radiographs inotorwa panguva yekurapa kwemazino. Yese data yakaunganidzwa yaive isingazivikanwe kunze kweiyo murume, zuva rekuzvarwa uye zuva re radiograph. Kusanganisira uye kusarudzika maitiro akafanana neakamboburitswa zvidzidzo zvezvidzidzo 4, 5. Zera chairo remuenzaniso rakaverengerwa nekubvisa zuva rekuzvarwa kubva kuDate radiograph rakatorwa. Boka remuenzaniso rakakamurwa kuita mapoka mapfumbamwe emapoka. Zera uye bonde Runoratidzwa muTafura 3 Iyi ongororo yakaitwa zvinoenderana neHelsinki Bhodhi (IRB) yeSeoul Chipatara University yeKorea (KC2Wisi0328). Nekuda kwekudzokorora kwekugadzira kwechidzidzo ichi, mvumo yeruzivo haina kukwanisa kuwanikwa kubva kune vese varwere vari kuongororwa radiographic yeradicever. Seoul Korea University St. Mary's's Chipatara (IRB) akasimudza zvinodiwa pakubvumidzwa neruzivo.
Matanho ekuvandudza eBimxillary wechipiri uye wechitatu Molars akaongororwa zvinoenderana neDemircan maitiro25. Zino rimwe chete rakasarudzwa kana rumwe rudzi rwezino rakawanikwa kuruboshwe uye kurudyi mativi eaya maviri. Kana meno ehuni pamativi ese ari maviri akange ari pamatanho akasiyana siyana ekusimudzira, zino rine chikamu chepasi hwekuvandudza stage yakasarudzwa kuti isarudze nezvekusavimbika muzera revanhu. Mazana zana akasarudzika radiographs kubva kuyakagadziriswa yakaiswa nevarume vane ruzivo vaviri vane ruzivo kuti vayedze manhamba yekuvimbika mushure mekutarisa mazino ekukura. Intraobserver kuvimbika kwakaongororwa kaviri pamwedzi mitatu-kwemwedzi nemukati medzimhosva.
Chikamu chebonde uye chekuvandudza chikamu chechipiri uye chechitatu chejaya mune yekudzidzira taya vakafungidzirwa nemumhanzi wepakutanga wakadzidziswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeDM, uye zera chairo rakaiswa serinotarisirwa. Slp uye MLP mhando, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzidza muchina kudzidza, kwakaedzwa kupokana nekudzokorora Algorithms. Iyo DM modhi inosanganisa mutsara mabasa uchishandisa matanho ekuvandudza emeno mana uye anosanganisa iyi data kuGreatimate zera. Slp ndiyo yakapfava neural network uye haina ine zvakavanzika zvigaro. SLP inoshanda kubva padanho rekutapurirana pakati pe node. Iyo SLP modhi mukudzorerwa ndeye mathematic akafanana kune akawanda mutsara kudzoreredzwa. Kusiyana nemhando yeSLP, iyo MLP modhi ine akawanda akavanzika zviyero zvine nonlinear activation inoshanda. Kuedza kwedu kwashandisa yakavanzika layer ine makumi maviri chete akavanzika akavanzika node neislinear activation inoshanda. Shandisa Gradient Stuvernt seyakavhurika nzira uye mae uye rmse sekurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kudzidzisa kwedu muchina wekudzidza. Iyo yakanakisa yakawanikwa yekudzora modhi yakaiswa kune iyo yemukati uye yekunze bvunzo seti uye zera remeno akafungidzirwa.
ALGORITHM ALGORithM yakagadziriswa iyo inoshandisa kukura kwemeno mana pane yekudzidziswa kufanotaura kuti sampuli ine makore gumi nemasere kana kuti kwete. Kuvaka modhi, isu takabva mumuchina wemuchina wemuchina wekudzidza algorithms6,43: (1) LR, (2) KNN, (3) SVM, (5) RF, (6) DT, (7) XGBOOST, uye (7) MLP . LR ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa kushandiswa kwelgorithms.44. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa neAlgorithm inoshandisa kudzoreredza kufanotaura kuti mukana wedata weimwe chikamu kubva ku0 kusvika ku1 uye chinoratidzira iyo data seyakaenzana chikamu chingangoita pane izvi. inonyanya kushandiswa kune binary kuiswa. Knn ndeimwe yemuchina wakareruka kudzidza algorithms45. Kana ikapihwa data nyowani yekuisa, inowana k data iri padyo neiyo iripo yakaiswa uye wozovadzivirira mukirasi nekirasi yepamusoro. Isu takaisa matatu kune nhamba yevavakidzani inotariswa (k). SVM ndeye algorithm inowedzera chinhambwe pakati pemakirasi maviri nekushandisa kentel basa rekuwedzera iyo mutsara nzvimbo mune isina-mutsara nzvimbo inonzi minda inonzi minda46. For this model, we use bias = 1, power = 1, and gamma = 1 as hyperparameters for the polynomial kernel. DT yakaiswa muminda dzakasiyana-siyana seyakagadziriswa yekukamura data rese rakaiswa mune akati wandei subgroups nekumiririra sarudzo yemitemo mune yemuti yemuti. Iyo modhi yakagadzirirwa neyakaenzana nhamba yezvinyorwa pane node ye2 uye inoshandisa iyo gini index seyero yemhando. RF iri nzira inosanganisa yakawanda DTS yekuvandudza basa uchishandisa nzira ye bootstrap aggregation iyo inogadzira yakasarudzika yemuenzaniso kune imwe nzira yekudhirowa yeiyo yakaenzana kakawanda kubva kuDataset 48. Isu takashandisa miti zana, 10 mita yakadzika, 1 shoma node saizi, uye gini Admture index seNdex yekuparadzanisa. Kugadziriswa kwedata idzva kunotemerwa nendudzi zhinji. XgBoost iAlgorithm inosanganisa nzira dzinowedzera uchishandisa nzira inotora seyakagadziriswa data kukanganisa pakati peiyo yekutanga uye augments iyo kukanganisa uchishandisa Gradients49. Iyo ishandiswe zvakanyanya algorithm yakakonzerwa nekuita kwayo kwakanaka uye kugona kugona, pamwe nekuvimbika kwakanyanya sekusarudzika kwekururamisa kururamisa. Iyo modhi yakashongedzwa nemavhiri mazana mana ekutsigira. MLP ndeyechokwadi network mune iyo imwe kana kupfuura macustrons inoumba akawanda marongero ane imwe kana yakawanda yakavanzika materers pakati peiyo yekuisa uye yekubuda mumarara 38. Uchishandisa izvi, unogona kuita kusiri-mutsara wekuti kana iwe ukawedzera iyo yekuisa layer uye uwane kukosha kukosha, iyo yakafanotaurwa kukosha inoenzaniswa neiyo chaiyo mhedzisiro uye kukanganisa kunoparadzirwa kumashure. Takagadzira iyo yakavanzika layer ine makumi maviri akavanzika neurons mune rimwe nerimwe danga. Muenzaniso wega wega watakavandudzwa zvakaiswa mumukati uye zvekunze zvigadziro zvekuedza kuongororwa nekuverenga pfungwa, chokwadi, PPV, NPV, uye AurOC. Kunzwa kunotsanangurwa seyero yemuenzaniso unofungidzirwa kuva nemakore gumi nemasere kana kupfuura kune sampuli inofungidzirwa kuve makore gumi nemasere kana kupfuura. Rondedzero ndiyo chikamu chemasampula pasi pemakore gumi nemasere uye avo vanofungidzirwa kuve vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere.
Mazino emazino akaongororwa mune yekudzidziswa yakashandurwa mumatanho ehuwandu hwekuongororwa kwehuwandu. Multivariate mutsara uye logistic yekudzora yakaitwa kuti igadzire fungidziro yemhando dzeumwe neumwe uye zvinowanzorerwe gadziriro mafomu anogona kushandiswa kufungidzira. Isu takashandisa aya mafomula kuti afungidzira zino zino kune ese emukati uye ekunze bvunzo. Tafura 4 inoratidza kudzikiswa uye mazita emhando dzinoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi.
Intra- neInterrobser kuvimbika kwakaverengerwa uchishandisa kapapa's kappa statistic. Kuti tiyedze chokwadi cheDM uye echinyakare kudzoreredzwa kwemhando dzemhando, isu takaverenga mae uye rmse tichishandisa anofungidzirwa uye chaiye mazano emukati uye ekunze bvunzo. Izvi zvikanganiso zvinowanzoshandiswa kuongorora chokwadi chekufungidzira kwemavhidhiyo. Izvo zvidiki kukanganisa, iyo yakakwira iyo chaiyo yekufanotaurwa24. Enzanisa mae uye rmse yemukati uye yekunze bvunzo seti yakatarwa uchishandisa dm uye tsika yekudzikiswa. Kugadziriswa kwekuita kweiyo 18-gore cutoff muhuwandu hwetsika yakaongororwa uchishandisa 2 × 2 contoto tafura. Iyo Yakatemwa Kunzwa, Rondedzero, PPV, NPV, uye AurOC yebvunzo yakaedzwa yakafananidzwa nehuwandu hweyero yemhando yeDM Dhata inoratidzwa sekureva kuti ± yakajairika kutsauka kana nhamba (%) zvichienderana nehunhu hwe data. Maviri-mativi P kukosha <0.05 yaionekwa seyisingakoshi. Zvese zvakajairana statistical analyzes zvakaitwa uchishandisa SAS vhezheni 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Iyo DM Regent Soldert Model yakaitwa muPython uchishandisa Karas50 2.2.4 Backend uye Tensorflow51 1.8.0 zvakananga kumabasa emasvomhu. Iyo DM CLEFICATION YEMAHARA YAKAITWA MUCHINYANYA MUKADZIDZO DZESVONDO uye KONSTANZ Ruzivo Mucherechedzo (Kamba) 4.6.152 kuongorora chikuva.
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