Tinokutendai nekushanyira Nature.com. Shanduro yebrowser yauri kushandisa ine rutsigiro rushoma rweCSS. Kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka, tinokurudzira kuti ushandise shanduro itsva yebrowser yako (kana kudzima Compatibility Mode muInternet Explorer). Panguva ino, kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti rutsigiro rwuripo, tiri kuratidza saiti iyi pasina styling kana JavaScript.
Kukura kwehutachiona mumaronda kunowanzoonekwa sema biofilms, ayo anopindirana nekupora uye akaoma kubvisa. Ma dressing matsva esirivha anoti anorwisa hutachiona hwemaronda, asi kushanda kwawo kwe antibiofilm uye mhedzisiro yekurapa isingabatanidzwi nehutachiona hazvizivikanwe. Tichishandisa ma biofilm eStaphylococcus aureus nePseudomonas aeruginosa mu in vitro uye mu vivo, tinotaura kushanda kwe Ag1+ ion-generating dressings; Ag1+ dressings ine ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid uye benzethonium chloride (Ag1+/EDTA/BC), uye ma dressing ane silver nitrate (Ag oxysalts). , ayo anogadzira ma Ag1+, Ag2+ uye Ag3+ ions kurwisa maronda biofilm uye mhedzisiro yawo pakuporesa. Ma dressing eAg1+ haana mhedzisiro yakawanda pa wound biofilm mu vitro uye mumakonzo (C57BL/6j). Kusiyana neizvi, munyu weAg wakaiswa oxygen uye madressing eAg1+/EDTA/BC zvakaderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwebhakitiriya inoshanda mu biofilms in vitro uye zvakaratidza kudzikira kukuru kwezvikamu zvebhakitiriya neEPS mu biofilms dzemaronda embeva. Madressing aya aive nemigumisiro yakasiyana pakurapa maronda ane utachiona hwebiofilm uye asina hutachiona hwebiofilm, ne oxygenated salt dressing iine mhedzisiro inobatsira pakudzokororazve, saizi yemaronda, uye kuzvimba zvichienzaniswa nekurapa kwekudzora uye mamwe madressing esirivha. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwe physicochemical hwemadressing esirivha hunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasiyana pa biofilm yeronda uye kupora, uye izvi zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza dressing yekurapa maronda ane hutachiona hwebiofilm.
Maronda asingarapiki anotsanangurwa se "maronda asingarapiki nenzira yakarongeka uye nenguva" 1. Maronda asingarapiki anokonzera mutoro wepfungwa, wemagariro evanhu uye wezvehupfumi kuvarwere uye kuhurongwa hwehutano. Mari inoshandiswa neNHS pagore pakurapa maronda nezvimwe zvirwere zvinosanganisirwa inofungidzirwa kuva £8.3 bhiriyoni muna 2017-182. Maronda asingarapiki parizvino idambudziko guru muUnited States, neMedicare ichifungidzira mutengo wepagore wekurapa varwere vane maronda pa $28.1–$96.8 bhiriyoni3.
Utachiona chinhu chikuru chinodzivirira kupora kwemaronda. Utachiona hunowanzoonekwa sema biofilms, ayo ari mu78% yemaronda asingapore kwenguva refu. Ma biofilms anoumbwa kana tupukanana twakabatana zvisingadzoreki panzvimbo dzakadai sepamusoro pemaronda, uye tunogona kuungana kuti tigadzire nzvimbo dzinogadzira ma polymer ekunze (EPS). Maronda e biofilm anobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwekuzvimba kunotungamira mukukuvadzwa kwenyama, izvo zvinogona kunonoka kana kudzivirira kupora4. Kuwedzera kwekukuvadzwa kwenyama kunogona kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwebasa re matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase, elastase uye reactive oxygen species5. Uyezve, masero ekuzvimba uye ma biofilms ivo pachavo vanoshandisa okisijeni zvakanyanya uye nekudaro zvinogona kukonzera hypoxia yenyama yemuno, zvichideredza masero eoxygen inokosha inodiwa kuti tishu dzigadziriswe zvakanaka6.
Mafirimu ebiofilamu akura haadi mishonga inorwisa utachiona, zvichida nzira dzakasimba dzekudzora hutachiona hwebiofilamu, dzakadai sekurapa nekushandisa michina kunoteverwa nekurapa nemishonga inorwisa utachiona. Nekuti mafirimu ebiofilamu anogona kukurumidza kupora, mishonga inorwisa utachiona inoshanda inogona kuderedza njodzi yekuumbwa patsva mushure mekuvhiyiwa7.
Sirivha iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye inowanzo shandiswa senzira yekutanga yekurapa maronda ane hutachiona husingaperi. Kune akawanda mapurasitiki esirivha anowanikwa kutengeswa, rimwe nerimwe riine chimiro chesirivha chakasiyana, huwandu, uye base matrix. Kufambira mberi musimbi dzesirivha kwakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesirivha itsva. Chimiro chesimbi chesirivha (Ag0) hachina simba; Kuti ibudirire pakurwisa mabhakitiriya, inofanira kurasikirwa neelectron kuti igadzire ionic silver (Ag1+). Sirivha dzechinyakare dzine sirivha kana sirivha yesimbi iyo, kana yaiswa mumvura, inoora kuti igadzire Ag1+ ions. Aya maAg1+ ions anoita zvinoenderana nesero rebhakitiriya, achibvisa maerekitironi kubva muzvikamu zvechimiro kana maitiro akakosha anodiwa kuti ararame. Tekinoroji ine patent yakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwesimbi itsva, Ag oxysalts (silver nitrate, Ag7NO11), iyo inosanganisirwa musimbi dzemaronda. Kusiyana nesirivha yechinyakare, kuora kwemunyu une oxygen kunoburitsa mamiriro esirivha ane valence yakakwira (Ag1+, Ag2+ uye Ag3+). Zvidzidzo zvemu in vitro zvakaratidza kuti kuwanda kwakaderera kwemunyu wesirivha wakasanganiswa neoxygen kunoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura single ion silver (Ag1+) kurwisa mabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere akadai sePseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus naEscherichia coli8,9. Imwe mhando itsva ye silver dressing inosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu, zvinoti ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) uye benzethonium chloride (BC), zvinonzi zvinonanga biofilm EPS uye nokudaro zvinowedzera kupinda kwesirivha mu biofilm. Aya matekinoroji matsva esirivha anopa nzira itsva dzekutarisa maronda e biofilms. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwemishonga iyi inorwisa mabhakitiriya panzvimbo yemaronda uye kuporesa kusingatapukire hutachiona kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti haigadzire nzvimbo yemaronda isina kunaka kana kunonoka kuporesa. Kunetseka nezve in vitro silver cytotoxicity kwakataurwa ne ma silver dressings akawanda10,11. Zvisinei, in vitro cytotoxicity haisati yashandurwa kuva toxicity mu vivo, uye ma Ag1+ dressings akawanda akaratidza kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka12.
Pano, takaongorora kushanda kwecarboxymethylcellulose dressings ine sirivha itsva pakurwisa ronda biofilm in vitro uye in vivo. Pamusoro pezvo, mhedzisiro yedressings idzi pamhinduro dzemuviri uye kuporesa pasina hutachiona yakaongororwa.
Madhirezi ese akashandiswa aiwanikwa kutengeswa. 3M Kerracel Gel Fiber Dressing (3M, Knutsford, UK) idhirezi re gel fiber risingarwisa mabhakitiriya 100% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) rakashandiswa sedhirezi rekudzora muongororo iyi. Madhirezi matatu esirivha eCMC anorwisa mabhakitiriya akaongororwa, anoti 3M Kerracel Ag dressing (3M, Knutsford, UK), ane 1.7 wt%. oxygenated silver salt (Ag7NO11) muma ions esirivha ane valence yakakwira (Ag1+, Ag2+ uye Ag3+). Munguva yekuora kweAg7NO11, ma ions eAg1+, Ag2+ uye Ag3+ anoumbwa muchiyero che1:2:4. Aquacel Ag Extra dressing ine 1.2% silver chloride (Ag1+) (ConvaTec, Deeside, UK) 13 uye Aquacel Ag + Extra dressing ine 1.2% silver chloride (Ag1+), EDTA uye benzethonium chloride (ConvaTec, Deeside, UK) 14.
Marudzi akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi aive Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10781 (Public Health England, Salisbury) uye Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 (Public Health England, Salisbury).
Mabhakitiriya akakurira husiku hwese mumuto weMuller-Hinton (Oxoid, Altrincham, UK). Kukura kwemuto weusiku kwakazoderedzwa ne1:100 mumuto weMueller-Hinton uye 200 µl yakaiswa pa 0.2 µm Whatman cyclopore membranes (Whatman plc, Maidstone, UK) pamaplate eMueller-Hinton agar (Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd, Kent, Great Britain). ) Kuumbwa kwebiofilm yekoloni pa37°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mabiofilm aya ekoloni akaedzwa kuti aone kana akachekwa nelogarithmic shrinkage.
Cheka jira racho kuita zvidimbu zve 3 cm2 square wobva wanyorovesa nemvura yakacheneswa. Isa bhandeji pamusoro pe biofilm yemukoko pa agar plate. Mahekita ese makumi maviri nemana e biofilm akabviswa, uye mabhakitiriya anoshanda mukati me biofilm (CFU/ml) akayerwa nekusanganiswa kwe serial (10−1 kusvika 10−7) mu Day-Angle neutralization broth (Merck-Millipore). Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekuisirwa pa 37°C, kuverengwa kwema plate kwakaitwa pama Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Kurapa kwega kwega nenguva kwakaitwa katatu, uye kuverengwa kwema plate kwaidzokororwa pakusanganiswa kwega kwega.
Ganda renyama yenguruve rinotorwa kubva kunguruve dzechikadzi dzeLarge White mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kubva pakuuraya zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neEuropean Union. Ganda racho rakagerwa ndokucheneswa nealcohol wipes, ndokuzoiswa mufiriji pa -80°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kuti ganda rive rakachena. Mushure mekunyungudika, zvidimbu zveganda zve 1 cm2 zvakagezwa katatu nePBS, 0.6% sodium hypochlorite, uye 70% ethanol kwemaminitsi makumi maviri nguva imwe neimwe. Usati wabvisa epidermis, bvisa chero ethanol yasara nekuigeza katatu muPBS isina utachiona. Ganda racho rakaiswa mundiro ine matsime matanhatu ine 0.45-μm-thick nylon membrane (Merck-Millipore) pamusoro uye mapedhi matatu anonyudza (Merck-Millipore) ane 3 ml fetal bovine serum (Sigma) yakawedzerwa ne10% Dulbecco's modified Eagle. Medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium – Aldrich Ltd.).
Ma biofilms emuColonial akarimwa sezvakatsanangurwa pakudzidza nezve biofilm. Mushure mekuchera biofilm pa membrane kwemaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri, biofilm yakaiswa pamusoro peganda uchishandisa sterile inculation loop uye membrane yakabviswa. Biofilm yakazoiswa pa dermis yenguruve kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa37°C kuti biofilm ikure uye inamatire paganda renguruve. Mushure mekunge biofilm yakura uye yabatanidzwa, dressing ye 1.5 cm2, yakanyoroveswa nemvura yakasanganiswa, yakaiswa zvakananga pamusoro peganda ndokuiswa pa37°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mabhakitiriya ane simba akaonekwa nekuisa dara nekushandisa zvakafanana PrestoBlue cell viability reagent (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) pamusoro pe apical ye explant yega yega uye kuiisa kwemaminitsi mashanu. Shandisa kamera yedhijitari yeLeica DFC425 kutora mifananidzo ipapo ipapo paLeica MZ8 microscope. Nzvimbo dzine ruvara rwepingi dzakayerwa uchishandisa software yeImage Pro version 10 (Media Cybernetics Inc, Rockville, MD Image-Pro (mediacy.com)). Kuskena maikorosikopu emagetsi kwakaitwa sezvakatsanangurwa pazasi.
Mabhakitiriya akakura husiku hwese akasanganiswa ne1:100 mumuto weMueller-Hinton. 200 μl yekurima yakawedzerwa kune 0.2 μm Whatman cyclopore membrane isina utachiona (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) ndokuiswa paMueller-Hinton agar. Maplate ebiofilm akachengetwa pa37°C kwemaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri kuti biofilm ikure.
Mushure memazuva matatu ekukura kwe biofilm, bhandeji re 3 cm2 square rakaiswa zvakananga pa biofilm ndokuiswa pa 37°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mushure mekubvisa bhandeji kubva pamusoro pe biofilm, 1 ml yePrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA) yakawedzerwa pamusoro pe biofilm yega yega kwemasekonzi makumi maviri. Nzvimbo dzacho dzakaomeswa vasati vatora shanduko dzemavara vachishandisa kamera yedhijitari yeNikon D2300 (Nikon UK Ltd., Kingston, UK).
Gadzirirai kumera kweMueller-Hinton agar husiku hwese, endesai makoroni ega ega kumuto weMueller-Hinton we10 ml moisa muchishaker pa37°C (100 rpm). Mushure mekuiisa mudumbu husiku hwese, kumera kwacho kwakaderedzwa ne1:100 mumuto weMueller-Hinton uye 300 µl yakaonekwa pa0.2 µm circular Whatman cyclopore membrane (Whatman International, Maidstone, UK) paMueller-Hinton agar uye yakaiswa mudumbu pa37°C mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri. . Biofilm yakakura yakaiswa paronda sezvakatsanangurwa pazasi.
Basa rese nemhuka rakaitwa paYunivhesiti yeManchester pasi pechirongwa cherezenisi chakatenderwa neHofisi yeUtano hweMhuka neKuongorora Kwetsika (P8721BD27) uye zvichienderana nemirairo yakaburitswa neHome Office pasi pe2012 ASPA yakadzokororwa. Vanyori vese vakatevedzera mirairo yekusvika. Mbeva dzeC57BL/6j dzine mavhiki masere (Envigo, Oxon, UK) dzakashandiswa pazvidzidzo zvese zviri mumuviri. Mbeva dzakarapwa neisoflurane (Piramal Critical Care Ltd, West Drayton, UK) uye nzvimbo dzadzo dzemusana dzakagerwa ndokucheneswa. Mbeva yega yega yakabva yapihwa ronda rekubvisa re 2 × 6 mm uchishandisa Stiefel biopsy punch (Schuco International, Hertfordshire, UK). Kune maronda ane utachiona hwebiofilm, isa biofilm yekolonial yemaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri yakakurira pamembrane sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa kune dermal layer yeronda uchishandisa sterile inoculation loop pakarepo mushure mekukuvara uye rasa membrane. Sendimita imwe chete yedressing inonyoroveswa nemvura isina sterilizer kuchengetedza nzvimbo yeronda ine hunyoro. Madhirezi akaiswa zvakananga paronda rega rega uye akafukidzwa ne3M Tegaderm film (3M, Bracknell, UK) uye Mastisol liquid adhesive (Eloquest Healthcare, Ferndale, MI) akaiswa kumativi ose kuti awedzere kunamira. Buprenorphine (Animalcare, York, UK) yakapihwa huwandu hwe0.1 mg/kg semushonga wekurwadziwa. Cheka mbeva mazuva matatu mushure mekukuvara uchishandisa nzira yeSchedule 1 wobvisa, cheka nepakati, uye chengeta nzvimbo yeronda sezvinodiwa.
Kudhirowa kweHematoxylin (ThermoFisher Scientific) uye eosin (ThermoFisher Scientific) kwakaitwa zvichienderana nemutemo wemugadziri. Nzvimbo yemaronda uye kudzokororwa kwemavara zvakayerwa uchishandisa Image Pro software version 10 (Media Cybernetics Inc, Rockville, MD).
Zvikamu zvenyama zvakanyungudutswa mu xylene (ThermoFisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK), zvakanyudzwa nemvura ine 100–50% graded ethanol, uye zvakanyudzwa kwenguva pfupi mumvura yakabviswa ion (ThermoFisher Scientific). Immunohistochemistry yakaitwa uchishandisa VectaStain Elite ABC PK-6104 kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) zvichienderana neprotocol yemugadziri. Ma antibodies ekutanga kune neutrophils NIMP-R14 (Thermofisher Scientific) uye macrophages Ms CD107b Pure M3/84 (BD Biosciences, Wokingham, UK) akasanganiswa ne 1:100 mumushonga unovhara ndokuwedzerwa pamusoro pechinhu chakachekwa, zvichiteverwa nema antibodies maviri Anti-, VectaStain ABC uye Vector Nova Red Peroxidase (HRP) substrate kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) uye akasanganiswa ne hematoxylin. Mifananidzo yakatorwa pachishandiswa maikorosikopu yeOlympus BX43 uye kamera yedhijitari yeOlympus DP73 (Olympus, Southend-on-Sea, UK).
Sampuli dzeganda dzakagadziriswa mu 2.5% glutaraldehyde uye 4% formaldehyde mu 0.1 M HEPES (pH 7.4) kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa4°C. Sampuli dzakabviswa mvura uchishandisa ethanol yakagadzikwa uye dzakaomeswa muCO2 uchishandisa Quorum K850 critical point dryer (Quorum Technologies Ltd, Loughton, UK) uye sputter yakaputirwa negoridhe-palladium alloy uchishandisa Quorum SC7620 mini sputterer/glow discharge system. Sampuli dzakatorwa mifananidzo uchishandisa FEI Quanta 250 scanning electron microscope (ThermoFisher Scientific) kuti vaone nzvimbo iri pakati peronda.
Toto-1 iodide (2 μM) yakaiswa pamusoro pemaronda embeva akachekwa ndokuiswa mufiriji kwemaminitsi mashanu pa37 °C (ThermoFisher Scientific) ndokurapwa neSyto-60 (10 μM) pa37 °C (ThermoFisher Scientific). Mifananidzo yeZ-stack yemaminitsi gumi nemashanu yakagadzirwa uchishandisa Leica TCS SP8.
Ruzivo rwezvehupenyu nerwehunyanzvi rwakatorwa uye rwakaongororwa uchishandisa Graphpad Prism V9 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA). Kuongororwa kwemusiyano wenzira imwe chete nekuenzanisa kwakawanda uchishandisa bvunzo yaDunnett yepost hoc kwakashandiswa kuyedza mutsauko uripo pakati pekurapa kwega kwega uye dressing yekudzora isina mabhakitiriya. P value <0.05 yakaonekwa seyakakosha.
Kushanda kwesimbi dzesirivha dzakagadzirwa ne fibrous gel kwakaongororwa kekutanga pakurwisa Staphylococcus aureus nePseudomonas aeruginosa mu biofilm colonies. Sirivha dzakagadzirwa ne sirivha dzakasiyana: simbi dzesirivha dzechinyakare dzinogadzira ma Ag1+ ions; simbi dzesirivha, dzinogona kugadzira ma Ag1+ ions mushure mekuwedzera EDTA/BC, dzinogona kuparadza biofilm matrix uye dzinoisa mabhakitiriya kusirivha pasi pesimba rema bacterial re sirivha. 15 uye simbi dzine oxygenated Ag salts dzinogadzira ma Ag1+, Ag2+ neAg3+. Kushanda kwadzo kwakaenzaniswa nesimbi isina antimicrobial control dressing yakagadzirwa ne gelled fibers. Mabhakitiriya akasara ari mu biofilm akaongororwa maawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega kwemazuva masere (Mufananidzo 1). Pazuva rechi5, biofilm yakadzoserwazve ne 3.85 × 105S. Staphylococcus aureus kana 1.22 × 105P. aeruginosa kuti iongorore kupora kwe biofilm. Zvichienzaniswa nemadressing asingashandisi mabhakitiriya, madressing eAg1+ haana simba guru pakurarama kwemabhakitiriya muStaphylococcus aureus nePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms kwemazuva mashanu. Kusiyana neizvi, madressing ane Ag neAg1+ + EDTA/BC salts ane oxygen akashanda mukuuraya mabhakitiriya mukati mebiofilm mukati memazuva mashanu. Mushure mekubayiwa kakawanda nemabhakitiriya eplanktonic pazuva rechishanu, hapana kudzorerwa kwebiofilm kwakaonekwa (Mufananidzo 1).
Kuongororwa kwebhakitiriya rinorarama muStaphylococcus aureus nePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms mushure mekurapwa nesirivha dressings. Makoroni eBiofilm eStaphylococcus aureus nePseudomonas aeruginosa akarapwa nesirivha dressings kana non-antimicrobial control dressings, uye huwandu hwebhakitiriya rinorarama hwakasara hwakaonekwa maawa makumi maviri nemana ega ega. Mushure memazuva mashanu, biofilm yakadzorerwazve ne3.85×105S. Staphylococcus aureus kana 1.22×105P. Makoroni ebacterioplankton Pseudomonas aeruginosa akaumbwa ega ega kuti aongorore kupora kwebiofilm. Magirafu anoratidza avhareji +/- standard error.
Kuti tifungidzire kuti madhirezi esirivha anobatsira sei pakukura kweganda renguruve, madhirezi akaiswa kumadhirezi emhando yebhuruu, ayo anogadzirwa nebhakitiriya mhenyu kuita ruvara rwepingi. Madhirezi emhando yebiofilm akarapwa nedhirezi rekudzivirira aive epingi, zvichiratidza kuti mabhakitiriya anobatsira mukati medhirezi (Mufananidzo 2A). Kusiyana neizvi, dhirezi remhando yebiofilm rakarapwa nedhirezi reAg oxysols raive rebhuruu, zvichiratidza kuti mabhakitiriya akasara pamusoro peganda renguruve aive mabhakitiriya asingashande (Mufananidzo 2B). Ruvara rwakasanganiswa rwebhuruu nepingi rwakaonekwa mumadhirezi emhando yebiofilm akarapwa nedhirezi reAg1+, zvichiratidza kuti mabhakitiriya anobatsira uye asingashande mukati medhirezi (Mufananidzo 2C), nepo madhirezi eEDTA/BC ane Ag1+ aive ebhuruu zvikuru aine mamwe mavara epingi, zvichiratidza nzvimbo dzisina kukanganiswa nedhirezi resirivha (Mufananidzo 2D). Kuverengwa kwenzvimbo dzinoshanda (pingi) nedzisina kushanda (bhuruu) kwakaratidza kuti chigamba chekudzora chaive chichishanda ne75% (Mufananidzo 2E). Kuiswa kweAg1+ + EDTA/BC kwakaitwa zvakafanana nekuisa munyu weAg wakaiswa oxygen, nemazinga ekurarama kwe13% ne14%, zvichiteerana. Kuiswa kweAg1+ kwakaderedzawo kugona kwebhakitiriya ne21%. Ma biofilms aya akazoonekwa achishandisa scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mushure mekurapwa ne control dressing ne Ag1+ dressing, layer yePseudomonas aeruginosa yakaonekwa ichifukidza ganda renguruve (Mufananidzo 2F,H), nepo mushure mekurapwa ne Ag1+ dressing, masero mashoma ebhakitiriya akawanikwa uye masero mashoma ebhakitiriya akawanikwa pasi. Collagen fibers inogona kutariswa sechimiro chenyama yenguruve (Mufananidzo 2G). Mushure mekurapwa ne Ag1+ + EDTA/BC dressing, ma bacterial plaques uye pasi pe collagen fiber plaques zvakaonekwa (Mufananidzo 2I).
Kuonekwa kwePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mushure mekurapwa nesirivha. (A–D) Kuvapo kwebhakitiriya muPseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms yakakurira paganda renguruve kwakaratidzwa uchishandisa PrestoBlue viability dye maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekurapwa nesirivha kana madhirezi ekudzivirira utachiona. Mabhakitiriya mhenyu ipingi, mabhakitiriya asingararame uye ganda renguruve ibhuruu. (E) Kuongororwa kwePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms yakakurira paganda renguruve (pink spot) uchishandisa scanning electron microscopy Image Pro version 10 (FI) uye yakarapwa nesirivha kana kuti isina antimicrobial control dressing kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. SEM scale bar = 5 µm. (J–M) Colonial biofilms yakakurira pamafirita uye yakapendwa nePrestoBlue reactive dye mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekurapwa nesirivha.
Kuti vaone kana kubatana kwepedyo pakati pemapfekero nebiofilms kwakakanganisa kushanda kwemapfekero, mabiofilms ekolonial akaiswa panzvimbo yakati sandara akagadziriswa nemapfekero kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana ndokuzoiswa mavara ereactive. Biofilm isina kurapwa yaive neruvara rwepingi yakasviba (Mufananidzo 2J). Kusiyana nemabiofilms akagadziriswa nemapendero ane oxygenated Ag salts (Mufananidzo 2K), mabiofilms akagadziriswa nemapendero ane Ag1+ kana Ag1+ + EDTA/BC akaratidza mavara epingi (Mufananidzo 2L,M). Ruvara urwu rwepingi runoratidza kuvapo kwebhakitiriya inoshanda uye runobatanidzwa nenzvimbo yekusukira mukati mehembero. Nzvimbo idzi dzakasonerwa dzinogadzira nzvimbo dzakafa dzinobvumira mabhakitiriya ari mukati mebiofilm kuti ararame.
Kuti vaongorore kushanda kwemari yesirivha mumuviri, maronda akachekwa embeva dzine S. aureus yakakura uye P. aeruginosa biofilms akarapwa nemari yekudzivirira utachiona kana mari yekudzivirira utachiona. Mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa, kuongororwa kwemifananidzo ye macroscopic kwakaratidza saizi diki dzemaronda paakarapwa ne oxygenated salt dressings zvichienzaniswa nemari yekudzivirira utachiona nedzimwe mari yekudzivirira utachiona (Mufananidzo 3A-H). Kuti vasimbise izvi, maronda akatorwa uye nzvimbo yeronda uye reepithelialization zvakayerwa pa hematoxylin uye eosin-stained tissue sections uchishandisa image pro software version 10 (Mufananidzo 3I-L).
Mhedzisiro yesimbi inoiswa pamusoro peronda uye kudzoreredzwa kwemasero emaronda ane utachiona ne biofilms. (A–H) Masero madiki ane utachiona ne biofilms dzePseudomonas aeruginosa (A–D) neStaphylococcus aureus (E–H) mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa ne nonantimicrobial control dressing, oxygenated Ag salt dressing, Ag1+ dressing, uye Ag1+ dressing. Mifananidzo inomiririra macroscopic. maronda emakonzo ane Ag1+ + EDTA/BC dressing. (IL) Inomiririra Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, histological sections dzakasvibiswa ne hematoxylin ne eosin, dzinoshandiswa kuyera nzvimbo yemaronda uye epithelial regeneration. Kuyera nzvimbo yemaronda (M, O) uye percentage reepithelialization (N, P) yemaronda ane utachiona nePseudomonas aeruginosa (M, N) neStaphylococcus aureus (O, P) biofilms (paboka rekurapa n = 12). Magirafu anoratidza mean +/- standard error. * zvinoreva p = < 0.05 ** zvinoreva p = < 0.01; Chikero cheMacroscopic = 2.5 mm, chikero chehistological = 500 µm.
Kuongororwa kwenzvimbo yeronda mumaronda ane Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm (Mufananidzo 3M) kwakaratidza kuti maronda akarapwa neAg oxysalts aive neavhareji yehukuru hweronda hwe2.5 mm2, nepo dressing yekudzivirira utachiona isina mabhakitiriya yaive neavhareji yehukuru hweronda hwe3.1 mm2, izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi. zvakasvika pakukosha kwehuwandu (Mufananidzo 3M). p = 0.423). Maronda akarapwa neAg1+ kana Ag1+ + EDTA/BC haana kuratidza kudzikira kwenzvimbo yeronda (3.1 mm2 uye 3.6 mm2, zvichiteerana). Kurapa neAg salt dressing ine oxygen kwakakurudzira re-epithelialization zvakanyanya kupfuura dressing yekudzivirira utachiona isina mabhakitiriya (34% ne15%, zvichiteerana; p = 0.029) uye Ag1+ kana Ag1+ + EDTA/BC (10% ne11%) (Mufananidzo 3N). . , zvichiteerana).
Maitiro akafanana munzvimbo yemaronda uye kudzorerwa kwe epithelial akaonekwa mumaronda ane S. aureus biofilms (Mufananidzo 3O). Kuiswa kwesimbi dzine oxygen munyu wesirivha kwakaderedza nzvimbo yemaronda (2.0 mm2) ne23% zvichienzaniswa ne dressing isina mabhakitiriya (2.6 mm2), kunyangwe kudzikira uku kwakanga kusina kukosha (p = 0.304) (Mufananidzo 3O). Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo yemaronda muboka rekurapwa reAg1+ yakaderedzwa zvishoma (2.4 mm2), nepo ronda rakarapwa neAg1+ + EDTA/BC dressing risina kuderedza nzvimbo yemaronda (2.9 mm2). Munyu weokisijeni weAg wakakurudzirawo kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi yemaronda ane S. aureus biofilm (31%) zvakanyanya kupfuura ayo akarapwa ne dressing isina mabhakitiriya (12%, p = 0.003) (Mufananidzo 3P). Kuisa Ag1+ dressing (16%, p = 0.903) uye kuisa Ag+1 + EDTA/BC dressing (14%, p = 0.965) zvakaratidza mazinga e epithelial regeneration akafanana ne control.
Kuti tifungidzire mhedzisiro yesimbi dzesirivha pa biofilm matrix, Toto 1 neSyto 60 iodide staining yakaitwa (Mufananidzo 4). Toto 1 iodide idhayi isingapindike mumasero inogona kushandiswa kuona nemazvo extracellular nucleic acids, iyo yakawanda muEPS ye biofilms. Syto 60 idhayi inopindika mumasero inoshandiswa se counterstain16. Zvakaonekwa zveToto 1 neSyto 60 iodide mumaronda akaiswa biofilms ePseudomonas aeruginosa (Mufananidzo 4A-D) neStaphylococcus aureus (Mufananidzo 4I-L) zvakaratidza kuti mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa kwesimbi, EPS mu biofilm yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. ine oxygenated salts Ag neAg1+ + EDTA/BC. Mishonga yeAg1+ isina zvimwe zvikamu zveantibiofilm yakaderedza zvakanyanya DNA isina masero mumaronda akabaiwa nePseudomonas aeruginosa asi haina kushanda zvakanaka mumaronda akabaiwa neStaphylococcus aureus.
Mifananidzo ye biofilm yemaronda ari mumuviri mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa ne control or silver dressings. Mifananidzo ye confocal yePseudomonas aeruginosa (A–D) uye Staphylococcus aureus (I–L) yakapendwa neToto 1 (girini) kuti ionekwe se extracellular nucleic acids, chikamu chema extracellular biofilm polymers. Kuti usvibise intracellular nucleic acids, shandisa Syto 60 (tsvuku). P. Kuskena electron microscopy yemaronda ane Pseudomonas aeruginosa (E–H) uye Staphylococcus aureus (M–P) biofilms mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa ne control uye silver dressings. SEM scale bar = 5 µm. Confocal imaging scale bar = 50 µm.
Kuongororwa kwemaelektroni nemaikorosikopu kwakaratidza kuti mbeva dzakabayiwa mabhakitiriya mashoma mumaronda adzo mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa nesimbi dzese dzesirivha.
Kuti vaongorore mhedzisiro yesirivha pakuputira maronda mumakonzo ane biofilm, zvikamu zvemaronda ane biofilm zvakarapwa ne control kana silver dressings kwemazuva matatu zvakaiswa immunohistochemically uchishandisa ma antibodies chaiwo e neutrophils nema macrophages. Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwe neutrophils nema macrophages mukati. granulation tissue. Mufananidzo 5). Zvese sirivha dressings zvakaderedza huwandu hwe neutrophils nema macrophages mumaronda ane Pseudomonas aeruginosa zvichienzaniswa ne non-antimicrobial control dressings mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa. Zvisinei, kurapwa ne oxygenated silver salt dressing kwakaita kuti neutrophils (p = <0.0001) uye macrophages (p = <0.0001) zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe sirivha dressings zvakaedzwa (Mufananidzo 5I,J). Kunyangwe Ag1+ + EDTA/BC yaive nemhedzisiro yakakura pa wound biofilm, yakaderedza mazinga e neutrophil nema macrophage zvishoma pane Ag1+ dressing. Maronda ari pakati nepakati ane S. aureus biofilm akaonekwawo mushure mekuiswa maAg (p = <0.0001), Ag1+ (p = 0.0008) uye Ag1++ EDTA/BC (p = 0.0043) oxisols zvichienzaniswa ne control . Maitiro akafanana anoonekwa kune neutropenia. bandage (Mufananidzo 5K). Zvisinei, oxygenated Ag salt dressing chete ndiyo yakaratidza kudzikira kukuru muhuwandu hwemacrophages mu granulation tissue zvichienzaniswa ne control mumaronda ane S. aureus biofilms (p = 0.0339) (Mufananidzo 5L).
MaNeutrophils nemacrophages akayerwa mumaronda ane Pseudomonas aeruginosa neStaphylococcus aureus biofilms mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa ne non-antimicrobial control kana silver dressings. MaNeutrophils (AD) nemacrophages (EH) akayerwa muzvikamu zvenyama zvakasvibiswa nema antibodies chaiwo kune ma neutrophils kana macrophages. Kuyerwa kwema neutrophils (I na K) nema macrophages (J na L) mumaronda ane Pseudomonas aeruginosa (I na J) ne Staphylococcus aureus (K & L) biofilms. N = 12 paboka rega rega. Magirafu anoratidza mean +/- standard error, kukosha kwehuwandu zvichienzaniswa ne non-antibacterial control dressing, * zvinoreva p = < 0.05, ** zvinoreva p = < 0.01; *** zvinoreva p = < 0.001; zvinoratidza p = <0.0001).
Takazoongorora kuti machira esirivha anobatsira sei pakupora kwechirwere. Maronda asina hutachiona akarapwa nejira rekudzivirira risingaurayi mabhakitiriya kana jira resirivha kwemazuva matatu (Mufananidzo 6). Pakati pemachira esirivha akaedzwa, maronda chete akarapwa nejira remunyu rine oxygen aionekwa madiki pamifananidzo mikuru pane maronda akarapwa nejira rekudzivirira (Mufananidzo 6A-D). Kuongororwa kwenzvimbo yemaronda uchishandisa histological analysis kwakaratidza kuti avhareji yenzvimbo yemaronda mushure mekurapwa nejira rekudzivirira reAg yaive 2.35 mm2 zvichienzaniswa ne2.96 mm2 yemaronda akarapwa neboka rekudzivirira, asi mutsauko uyu hauna kusvika pakukosha kwehuwandu (p = 0.488) (Mufananidzo 6I). Kusiyana neizvi, hapana kudzikira kwenzvimbo yemaronda kwakaonekwa mushure mekurapwa neAg1+ (3.38 mm2, p = 0.757) kana Ag1+ + EDTA/BC (4.18 mm2, p = 0.054) machira zvichienzaniswa neboka rekudzivirira. Kuwedzera kwekugadziriswazve kwe epithelial kwakaonekwa neAg oxysol dressing zvichienzaniswa neboka rekudzora (30% vs. 22%, zvichiteerana), kunyangwe izvi zvisina kusvika pakukosha (p = 0.067), izvi zvakakosha uye zvinosimbisa mhedzisiro yapfuura. Kupfekedza neoxysol kunokurudzira kudzokororwa kwe epithelialization. -Kupfekedza maronda asina hutachiona17. Kusiyana neizvi, kurapwa neAg1+ kana Ag1+ + EDTA/BC dressings hakuna kubatsira kana kuratidza kudzikira kwe re-epithelialization zvichienzaniswa nekudzora.
Mhedzisiro yekuiswa kweronda resirivha pakupora kweronda mumakonzo asina hutachiona nekubviswa zvachose. (AD) Mifananidzo inomiririra macroscopic yemaronda mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa nekushandisa mushonga unorwisa utachiona uye jira resirivha. (EH) Zvikamu zveronda zvinomiririrwa zvakasanganiswa nehematoxylin neeosin. Kuyera nzvimbo yeronda (I) uye chikamu chekudzokororazve (J) zvakaverengerwa kubva kuzvikamu zvehistological pakati peronda uchishandisa software yekuongorora mifananidzo (n = 11–12 paboka rega rega rekurapwa). Magirafu anoratidza avhareji +/- chikanganiso chakajairwa. * zvinoreva p = <0.05.
Silver ine nhoroondo refu yekushandiswa semushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya mukurapa maronda, asi maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekupa zvinogona kukonzera kusiyana kwekushanda kwehutachiona 18. Uyezve, hunhu hweantibiofilm hwemasystem chaiwo ekutumira sirivha hahunzwisiswi zvizere. Kunyangwe mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri yemugadziri wezvirwere ichishanda zvakanyanya kurwisa mabhakitiriya eplanktonic, kazhinji haishande zvakanyanya kurwisa biofilms19. Mabhakitiriya eplanktonic anobviswa nyore nyore nema macrophages, asi mukati me biofilms, masero akaunganidzwa anowedzera matambudziko nekudzikamisa mhinduro yemugadziri kusvika padanho rekuti masero ekudzivirira muviri anogona kupinda mu apoptosis uye kuburitsa zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kuzvimba kuti awedzere mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri 20. Zvakaonekwa kuti mamwe ma leukocytes anogona kupinda mu biofilms21 asi haakwanise kuparadzanisa mabhakitiriya kana dziviriro iyi yakanganiswa 22. Nzira yakazara inofanira kushandiswa kutsigira mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri yemugadziri wezvirwere yeropa. Kubviswa kwemaronda kunogona kukanganisa biofilm uye kubvisa huwandu hwakawanda hwe bioburden, asi mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri yemugadziri wezvirwere inogona kusashanda kurwisa biofilm yasara, kunyanya kana mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri yemugadziri wezvirwere yakakanganiswa. Saka, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakadai sesirivha inogona kutsigira mhinduro yemuviri wemunhu uye kubvisa hutachiona hwebiofilm. Kuumbwa, kuwanda, kunyunguduka, uye substrate yekutumira zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwesirivha pakurwisa mabhakitiriya. Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira sirivha kwakaita kuti mapfekero aya ave anoshanda9,23. Sezvo tekinoroji yesirivha ichifambira mberi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kushanda kwemapfekero aya mukudzora hutachiona hwemaronda uye, chinonyanya kukosha, kukanganisa kwemhando idzi dzesirivha dzine simba panzvimbo yemaronda nekuporesa.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takaenzanisa kushanda kwesimbi mbiri dzesirivha dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzemazuva ano dzinogadzira maAg1+ ions dzinopesana ne biofilms dzichishandisa mamodheru akasiyana e in vitro ne in vivo. Takaongororawo mhedzisiro yesimbi idzi panzvimbo yemaronda uye kuporesa kusingatapukirwe nehutachiona. Kuti tideredze simba rematrix ekutumira, simbi dzese dzesirivha dzakaedzwa dzaive dzakagadzirwa ne carboxymethylcellulose.
Ongororo yedu yekutanga yemidziyo iyi yesirivha inopesana nePseudomonas aeruginosa neStaphylococcus aureus inoratidza kuti, kusiyana nemidziyo yeAg1+ yechinyakare, michina miviri yesirivha yepamusoro, Ag1+ + EDTA/BC uye oxygenated Ag salts, inoshanda pa5. Inouraya mabhakitiriya ebiofilm zvinobudirira mukati memazuva mashoma. Pamusoro pezvo, michina iyi inodzivirira kuumbwazve kwebiofilm kana yasangana kakawanda nebhakitiriya replanktonic. Iyo Ag1+ dressing yaive nesilver chloride, iyo yakafanana sirivha compound uye base matrix seAg1+ + EDTA/BC, uye yaive nemhedzisiro shoma pakurarama kwebhakitiriya mukati mebiofilm munguva imwe chete. Kuona kuti Ag1+ + EDTA/BC dressing yaive yakabudirira zvakanyanya kurwisa biofilm pane iyo Ag1+ dressing ine matrix imwechete uye silver compound inotsigira pfungwa yekuti zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinodiwa kuti iwedzere kushanda kwesilver chloride kurwisa biofilm, sezvakashumwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo15. Mhedzisiro iyi inotsigira pfungwa yekuti BC neEDTA zvine basa rekuwedzera pakubatsira pakupfeka zvakanaka uye kuti kusavapo kwechikamu ichi mumachira eAg1+ kungave kwakakonzera kukundikana kuratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchiropa. Takaona kuti machira eAg ane oxygen anogadzira maAg2+ neAg3+ akaratidza kushanda kwakasimba kwekurwisa mabhakitiriya kupfuura Ag1+ uye pamazinga akafanana neAg1+ + EDTA/BC. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekugona kukuru kwe redox, hazvizivikanwe kuti maAg3+ ions anoramba achishanda uye achishanda kwenguva yakareba sei pakurwisa maronda ebiofilms saka zvakakodzera kudzidza zvakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kune machira akawanda akasiyana anogadzira maAg1+ ions asina kuyedzwa muchidzidzo ichi. Machira aya anoumbwa nemakomponi esirivha akasiyana, kuwanda, uye mabhesi matrices, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuendeswa kwemaAg1+ ions uye kushanda kwawo pakurwisa mabiofilms. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kune akawanda mamodheru akasiyana e in vitro ne in vivo anoshandiswa kuongorora kushanda zvakanaka kwemachira eronda pakurwisa mabiofilms. Rudzi rwemodheru inoshandiswa, pamwe nemunyu neprotein zviri mukati me media zvinoshandiswa mumamodheru aya, zvichakanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchira. Mumuenzaniso wedu we in vivo, takabvumira biofilm kukura mu vitro tobva taiendesa pamusoro peganda reronda. Mhinduro yekudzivirira mbeva inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa mabhakitiriya eplanktonic akaiswa paronda, nokudaro ichigadzira biofilm sezvo ronda richipora. Kuwedzerwa kwebiofilm yakakura paronda kunoderedza kushanda kwemhinduro yekudzivirira hutachiona ku biofilm nekubvumira biofilm yakakura kuti igare mukati meronda risati ratanga kupora. Saka, muenzaniso wedu unotibvumira kuongorora kushanda kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pa biofilms yakakura maronda asati atanga kupora.
Takaonawo kuti kukodzera kwejira kwakapesvedzera kushanda kwesimbi yesirivha pa biofilms dzakakura mu vitro neganda renguruve. Kusangana neronda pedyo kunoonekwa sekwakakosha pakushanda kwesimbi yesimbi ye24,25. Mishonga ine munyu weAg wakaiswa oxygen yaive pedyo ne biofilms yakakura, zvichikonzera kudzikira kukuru kwehuwandu hwebhakitiriya inoshanda mukati me biofilm mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana. Kusiyana neizvi, pairapwa neAg1+ neAg1+ + EDTA/BC dressings, huwandu hwakawanda hwebhakitiriya inoshanda hwakasara. Mishonga iyi ine sutures pamwe chete nehurefu hwese hwesimbi, izvo zvinogadzira nzvimbo dzakafa dzinodzivirira kusangana pedyo ne biofilm. Muzvidzidzo zvedu zve in vitro, nzvimbo idzi dzisina kubatana dzakadzivirira kuurayiwa kwebhakitiriya inoshanda mukati me biofilm. Takaongorora kugara kwebhakitiriya mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekurapwa; Nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo simbi yacho ichiwedzera kuzara, panogona kunge paine nzvimbo shoma yakafa, zvichideredza nzvimbo yebhakitiriya iyi inoshanda. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekuumbwa kwesimbi, kwete rudzi rwesirivha musimbi.
Kunyange hazvo zvidzidzo zve in vitro zvichibatsira pakuenzanisa kushanda kwehunyanzvi hwesirivha hwakasiyana, zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yemidziyo iyi pa biofilms in vivo, uko matishu emuviri uye mhinduro dzemuviri dzinobatsira mukushanda kwemidziyo iyi pakurwisa biofilms. Mhedzisiro yemidziyo iyi pa biofilms dzemaronda yakaonekwa uchishandisa scanning electron microscopy uye EPS staining ye biofilm uchishandisa intracellular uye extracellular DNA dyes. Takaona kuti mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa, midziyo yese yaishanda mukuderedza DNA isina masero mumaronda ane biofilm, asi Ag1+ dressing yakanga isingashande zvakanyanya mumaronda ane Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy yakaratidzawo kuti mabhakitiriya mashoma aivepo mumaronda akabatwa nesimbi, kunyangwe izvi zvaive zvakanyanya kuoneka neAg salt dressing ine oxygenated uye Ag1+ + EDTA/BC dressing zvichienzaniswa neAg1+. Data iri rinoratidza kuti simbi dzakaedzwa dzakakanganisa chimiro chebiofilm zvakasiyana-siyana, asi hapana imwe yesimbi dzakakwanisa kubvisa biofilm, zvichitsigira kudiwa kwenzira yakazara yekurapa hutachiona hwesimbi yeronda; kushandiswa kwesimbi dzesirivha. Kurapa kunotangira nekubvisa tsvina mumuviri kuti kubviswe ganda rakawanda remuviri.
Maronda asingarapiki anowanzova muchimiro chekuzvimba kwakanyanya, nemasero ekuzvimba akawanda anoramba ari munyama yeronda kwenguva yakareba, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwenyama uye zvichideredza okisijeni inodiwa kuti masero ashande zvakanaka uye ashande zvakanaka muronda26. Mafirimu ehupenyu anowedzera nharaunda iyi yeronda nekukanganisa kupora nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kudzivirira kuwanda kwemasero uye kufamba uye kushanda kwema cytokines anokonzera kuzvimba27. Sezvo machira esirivha achiwedzera kushanda, zvakakosha kunzwisisa simba raanoita panzvimbo yeronda uye kupora.
Zvinofadza kuti, kunyangwe zvese zvakaiswa musirivha zvakakanganisa kuumbwa kwebiofilm, zvakaiswa munyu wesirivha wakasanganiswa neoxygen chete ndizvo zvakawedzera kudzoreredzwa kweganda remaronda aya ane utachiona. Ruzivo urwu runotsigira zvakawanikwa kare17 nezvaKalan et al. (2017)28, izvo zvakaratidza kuchengetedzeka kwakanaka uye chepfu yemunyu wesirivha wakasanganiswa neoxygen, sezvo huwandu hwakaderera hwesirivha hwaishanda pakurwisa biofilms.
Chidzidzo chedu chazvino chinoratidza musiyano uripo muhunyanzvi hwesirivha pakati pemishonga inorwisa utachiona uye kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi uhwu panzvimbo yemaronda uye kuporesa kusingatapukirwe nehutachiona. Zvisinei, izvi zvakasiyana nezvidzidzo zvekare zvinoratidza kuti mishonga yeAg1+ + EDTA/BC yakavandudza kurapa kwenzeve dzetsuro dzakakuvara mumuviri. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusiyana kwemhando dzemhuka, nguva dzekuyera, uye nzira dzekushandisa mabhakitiriya29. Muchiitiko ichi, kuyerwa kwemaronda kwakatorwa mazuva gumi nemaviri mushure mekukuvara kuti zvibvumire zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemidziyo iyi kushanda pa biofilm kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nekudzidza kwakaratidza kuti maronda emakumbo ane utachiona akarapwa neAg1+ + EDTA/BC pakutanga akawedzera saizi mushure mevhiki imwe yekurapwa, uye zvakare mukati memavhiki matatu anotevera ekurapwa neAg1+ + EDTA/BC uye mukati memavhiki mana ekushandisa mishonga isiri mishonga inorwisa utachiona. Mishonga yeCMC yekuderedza saizi yemaronda30.
Mamwe marudzi uye kuwanda kwesirivha kwakamboratidzwa kuti kune chepfu mu vitro 11, asi izvi hazviwanzo konzera migumisiro yakaipa mu vivo. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambira mberi mu tekinoroji yesirivha uye kunzwisisa zviri nani kwemakemikari esirivha uye kuwanda muzvipfeko kwakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwezvipfeko zvakawanda zvesirivha zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda. Zvisinei, sezvo tekinoroji yezvipfeko zvesirivha ichifambira mberi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwezvipfeko izvi panzvimbo yemaronda31,32,33. Zvakambotaurwa kare kuti kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwe epithelialization kunoenderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hweM2 macrophages inodzivirira kuzvimba zvichienzaniswa ne phenotype yeM1 inodzivirira kuzvimba. Izvi zvakacherechedzwa mumuenzaniso wembeva wekare apo zvipfeko zvesirivha zve hydrogel zvakaenzaniswa ne silver sulfadiazine uye non-antimicrobial hydrogels34.
Maronda asingarapiki anogona kuratidza kuzvimba kwakanyanya uye zvakaonekwa kuti kuvapo kwema neutrophils akawandisa kunogona kukanganisa kupora kwemaronda35. Muchidzidzo chakaitwa pambeva dzisina neutrophils, kuvapo kwema neutrophils kwakanonotsa kudzokororwa kweropa. Kuvapo kwema neutrophils akawandisa kunotungamira kuhuwandu hwakawanda hweproteases uye mhando dzeokisijeni dzinoshanda, dzakadai se superoxide ne hydrogen peroxide, izvo zvine chekuita nemaronda asingarapiki uye anononoka kuporesa37,38. Saizvozvowo, kuwedzera kwenhamba dzema macrophage, kana kusingadzorwi, kunogona kutungamira kupora kwemaronda kunonoka39. Kuwedzera uku kwakakosha zvikuru kana ma macrophages asingakwanise kuchinja kubva ku pro-inflammatory phenotype kuenda ku pro-healing phenotype, zvichikonzera kuti maronda asabude muchikamu chekuzvimba chekupora40. Takaona kudzikira kwema neutrophils nema macrophages mumaronda ane biofilm mushure memazuva matatu ekurapwa nema silver dressings ese, asi kudzikira kwacho kwakaonekwa zvakanyanya nema oxygenated salt dressings. Kudzikira uku kunogona kunge kuri mugumisiro wakananga wekuti masoja emuviri apindure sei kusirivha, mhinduro ku bioburden yakaderera, kana kuti ronda riri padanho rekupedzisira rekupora uye nekudaro masero emuviri emuviri ari paronda ari kudzikira. Kuderedza huwandu hwemasero ekuzvimba muronda kunogona kuchengetedza nzvimbo inobatsira kupora kweronda. Maitiro ekuti Ag oxysalts inokurudzira sei kuporesa kusingatapukirwe nehutachiona haazivikanwe, asi kugona kweAg oxysalts kugadzira okisijeni nekuparadza huwandu hunokuvadza hwehydrogen peroxide, mumiririri wekuzvimba, kunogona kutsanangura izvi uye kunoda kudzidza kwakawanda17.
Maronda asina kuporesa kwenguva refu ane utachiona anokonzera dambudziko kuna vanachiremba nevarwere. Kunyangwe machira akawanda ekudzivirira utachiona achiti anoshanda nemabhakitiriya, tsvakiridzo haiwanzo tarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa nharaunda yemaronda. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti matekinoroji akasiyana esirivha ane simba rakasiyana rekudzivirira utachiona uye, zvakakosha, mhedzisiro dzakasiyana panharaunda yemaronda nekuporesa, zvisinei nehutachiona. Kunyangwe zvidzidzo izvi zve in vitro uye in vivo zvichiratidza kushanda kwemachira aya mukurapa hutachiona hwemaronda nekukurudzira kupora, miedzo inodzorwa isina kurongeka inodiwa kuti iongorore kushanda kwemachira aya mukiriniki.
Dataseti dzakashandiswa uye/kana dzakaongororwa panguva yekudzidza kuri kuitwa dziripo kubva kumunyori anoenderana nadzo kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-15-2024