Tekinoroji yeAugmented reality (AR) yakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka mukuratidza ruzivo uye kuratidza zvinhu zve3D. Kunyangwe vadzidzi vachiwanzoshandisa maapplication eAR kuburikidza nemidziyo yemafoni, mamodheru epurasitiki kana mifananidzo ye2D achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzidzira kucheka mazino. Nekuda kwehunhu hwemazino emativi matatu, vadzidzi vekuveza mazino vanosangana nematambudziko nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvishandiso zviripo zvinopa nhungamiro yakafanana. Muchidzidzo ichi, takagadzira chishandiso chekudzidzisa kuveza mazino chakavakirwa paAR (AR-TCPT) ndokuchienzanisa nemuenzaniso wepurasitiki kuti tiongorore kugona kwacho sechishandiso chekudzidzira uye ruzivo rwekushandisa kwacho.
Kuti titevedzere mazino ekucheka, takagadzira chinhu che3D chakatevedzana chaisanganisira imbwa huru uye imbwa huru yekutanga (danho 16), imbwa huru yekutanga (danho 13), uye imbwa huru yekutanga (danho 14). Zviratidzo zvemifananidzo zvakagadzirwa uchishandisa software yePhotoshop zvakaiswa pazino rega rega. Vakagadzira application yeAR-based mobile vachishandisa injini yeUnity. Pakucheka mazino, vatori vechikamu makumi mashanu nevaviri vakaiswa zvisina kurongeka kuboka rekudzora (n = 26; vachishandisa mamodheru epurasitiki emazino) kana boka rekuyedza (n = 26; vachishandisa AR-TCPT). Mibvunzo ine zvinhu makumi maviri nembiri yakashandiswa kuongorora ruzivo rwemushandisi. Kuenzanisa data kwakaitwa uchishandisa bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U isina parametric kuburikidza nechirongwa cheSPSS.
AR-TCPT inoshandisa kamera yemuchina wefoni kuona zviratidzo zvemifananidzo uye kuratidza zvinhu zve3D zvezvidimbu zvemazino. Vashandisi vanogona kushandisa mudziyo uyu kuti vaongorore nhanho yega yega kana kudzidza chimiro chezino. Mhedzisiro yeongororo yeruzivo rwemushandisi yakaratidza kuti zvichienzaniswa neboka rekutonga richishandisa mamodheru epurasitiki, boka rekuyedza reAR-TCPT rakawana mubairo wakakwira zvakanyanya paruzivo rwekucheka mazino.
Zvichienzaniswa nemapurasitiki echinyakare, AR-TCPT inopa ruzivo rwuri nani kune vashandisi pakucheka mazino. Chishandiso ichi chiri nyore kuwana sezvo chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nevashandisi pamafoni. Tsvagiridzo yakawanda inodiwa kuti ione kuti AR-TCTP inokanganisa sei dzidzo pakuyera mazino akavezwa pamwe nekugona kwemushandisi kuveza.
Maitiro emazino uye maekisesaizi ekushandisa ndiwo chikamu chakakosha chedzidzo yemazino. Iyi kosi inopa nhungamiro yedzidziso uye inoshanda pamusoro pemaumbirwo, mashandiro uye kuveza zvakananga kwezvimiro zvemazino [1, 2]. Nzira yechinyakare yekudzidzisa ndeyekudzidza dzidziso uye wobva waita kucheka mazino zvichibva pane zvinodzidzwa. Vadzidzi vanoshandisa mifananidzo yemazino ine mativi maviri (2D) uye modhi dzepurasitiki kuveza mazino pawakisi kana plaster blocks [3,4,5]. Kunzwisisa maitiro emazino kwakakosha pakurapa nekugadzirisa mazino uye kugadzira kudzoreredzwa kwemazino mukiriniki. Hukama hwakakodzera pakati pemazino anopesana neanowanikwa, sezvinoratidzwa nechimiro chawo, hwakakosha kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemazino uye kwenzvimbo [6, 7]. Kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvemazino zvichigona kubatsira vadzidzi kuwana kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwemaitiro emazino, vachiri kusangana nematambudziko mukuita kwekucheka kwakabatana netsika dzechinyakare.
Vatsva mukuita maitiro ekugadzira mazino vanosangana nedambudziko rekududzira nekuburitsa mifananidzo ye2D muzvikamu zvitatu (3D) [8,9,10]. Maumbirwo emazino anowanzo kumiririrwa nemifananidzo kana mapikicha ane mativi maviri, zvichikonzera matambudziko mukuona maitiro emazino. Pamusoro pezvo, kudiwa kwekukurumidza kuveza mazino munzvimbo nenguva shoma, pamwe nekushandiswa kwemifananidzo ye2D, kunoita kuti zviomere vadzidzi kufunga nekuona maumbirwo e3D [11]. Kunyangwe mamodheru emazino epurasitiki (anogona kuratidzwa seakazadzwa zvishoma kana muchimiro chekupedzisira) achibatsira mukudzidzisa, kushandiswa kwawo kwakaganhurirwa nekuti mamodheru epurasitiki ekutengeserana anowanzo tsanangurwa kare uye anoganhurira mikana yekudzidzira yevadzidzisi nevadzidzi [4]. Pamusoro pezvo, mamodheru aya ekurovedza muviri ndeechikoro uye haagone kuve evadzidzi vega vega, zvichikonzera mutoro wekurovedza muviri wakawedzerwa panguva yekirasi yakatarwa. Varairidzi vanowanzo dzidzisa vadzidzi vakawanda panguva yekudzidzira uye vanowanzo vimba nenzira dzechinyakare dzekudzidzira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kumirira kwenguva refu kwemhinduro dzevarairidzi pamatanho epakati ekuveza [12]. Saka, panodiwa gwara rekuveza kuti zvive nyore kucheka mazino uye kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvinoiswa nemamodeli epurasitiki.
Tekinoroji yeAugmented reality (AR) yave chishandiso chinovimbisa chekuvandudza ruzivo rwekudzidza. Nekuisa ruzivo rwedhijitari munzvimbo chaiyo, tekinoroji yeAR inogona kupa vadzidzi ruzivo rwekudyidzana uye rwekunyudza [13]. Garzón [14] akashandisa ruzivo rwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu nezvizvarwa zvitatu zvekutanga zvekupatsanurwa kwedzidzo yeAR uye akataura kuti kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemafoni nemapurogiramu asingadhuri (kuburikidza nemidziyo yemafoni nemapurogiramu) muchizvarwa chechipiri cheAR kwakavandudza zvakanyanya hunhu hwekudzidza. . Kana yangogadzirwa uye yaiswa, mapurogiramu efoni anobvumira kamera kuziva nekuratidza rumwe ruzivo nezvezvinhu zvinozivikanwa, nokudaro zvichivandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi [15, 16]. Tekinoroji yeAR inoshanda nekukurumidza kuziva kodhi kana tag yemufananidzo kubva kukamera yenharembozha, ichiratidza ruzivo rwe3D rwakafukidzwa kana rwaonekwa [17]. Nekushandisa nharembozha kana mamaki emifananidzo, vashandisi vanogona kuona nekunzwisisa maumbirwo e3D zviri nyore uye nenzira yekunzwisisa [18]. Muongororo yaAkçayır naAkçayır [19], AR yakawanikwa ichiwedzera "kunakidza" uye zvinobudirira "kuwedzera mazinga ekutora chikamu mukudzidza." Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuoma kwedata, tekinoroji iyi inogona "kuomera vadzidzi kushandisa" uye kukonzera "kurema kwepfungwa," zvichida mamwe mazano ekudzidzisa [19, 20, 21]. Nokudaro, kuedza kunofanirwa kuitwa kuwedzera kukosha kwedzidzo yeAR nekuwedzera kushandiswa uye kuderedza kuwanda kwemabasa. Zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakushandisa tekinoroji yeAR kugadzira maturusi ekudzidzisa ekudzidzira kucheka mazino.
Kuti titungamirire vadzidzi zvinobudirira mukuveza mazino vachishandisa AR environments, nzira inoenderera mberi inofanira kuteverwa. Nzira iyi inogona kubatsira kuderedza kusiyana uye kukurudzira kuwana hunyanzvi [22]. Vavezi vekutanga vanogona kuvandudza mhando yebasa ravo nekutevera nzira yedhijitari yekuveza mazino [23]. Kutaura zvazviri, nzira yekudzidzisa nhanho nhanho yakaratidzwa kuti inoshanda mukudzidzira hunyanzvi hwekuveza munguva pfupi uye kuderedza zvikanganiso mukugadzirwa kwekupedzisira kwekugadzirisa [24]. Mumunda wekugadzirisa mazino, kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuveza pamusoro pemazino inzira inoshanda yekubatsira vadzidzi kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwavo [25]. Chidzidzo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekugadzira chishandiso chekudzidzira kuveza mazino chakavakirwa paAR (AR-TCPT) chakakodzera nharembozha uye kuongorora ruzivo rwayo rwemushandisi. Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo ichi chakaenzanisa ruzivo rwemushandisi weAR-TCPT nemamodeli ekare eresin yemazino kuti vaongorore kugona kweAR-TCPT sechishandiso chinoshanda.
AR-TCPT yakagadzirirwa nharembozha uchishandisa tekinoroji yeAR. Chishandiso ichi chakagadzirirwa kugadzira nhanho nhanho 3D modhi dzembwa dzemaxillary, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars, uye mandibular first molars. Kugadzira 3D kwekutanga kwakaitwa uchishandisa 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), uye kugadzira kwekupedzisira kwakaitwa uchishandisa Zbrush 3D software package (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA). Kumaka mifananidzo kwakaitwa uchishandisa software yePhotoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), yakagadzirirwa kuzivikanwa kwakasimba nemakamera enharembozha, muinjini yeVuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia.com)). Chishandiso cheAR chinoshandiswa uchishandisa injini yeUnity (Kurume 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) uye chakazoiswa uye chakatangwa panharembozha. Kuti vaongorore kushanda kweAR-TCPT sechishandiso chekudzidzira kuveza mazino, vatori vechikamu vakasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano kubva mukirasi yekudzidzira maitiro emazino ya2023 kuti vagadzire boka rekudzora uye boka rekuedza. Vatori vechikamu muboka rekuedza vakashandisa AR-TCPT, uye boka rekudzora rakashandisa mamodheru epurasitiki kubva kuTooth Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Japan). Mushure mekupedza basa rekucheka mazino, ruzivo rwemushandisi wemudziyo wega wega wekushandisa maoko rwakaongororwa uye rwakaenzaniswa. Kufamba kwedhizaini yekudzidza kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa nemvumo yeInstitutional Review Board yeSouth Seoul National University (nhamba yeIRB: NSU-202210-003).
Kugadzira modhi ye3D kunoshandiswa kuratidza nguva dzose hunhu hwemaumbirwo ari kubuda uye akakombama emazino emesial, distal, buccal, lingual uye occlusal panguva yekucheka mazino. Mazino ekutanga embwa nemazino emesial nemaxillary akagadzirwa sedanho regumi nematanhatu, mazino ekutanga emesial nemaxillary akagadzirwa sedanho regumi nematatu, uye mazino ekutanga emesial nemaxillary akagadzirwa sedanho regumi nematatu, uye mazino ekutanga emesial nemaxillary akagadzirwa sedanho regumi nemana. Kugadzira modhi kwekutanga kunoratidza zvikamu zvinoda kubviswa uye kuchengetedzwa muhurongwa hwemafirimu emazino, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. 2. Kutevedzana kwekugadzira modhi yemesial kwekupedzisira kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Mumuenzaniso wekupedzisira, magadzirirwo, makomo nemakomba zvinotsanangura chimiro chezino chakaderedzwa, uye ruzivo rwemufananidzo rwunosanganisirwa kutungamira maitiro ekuveza uye kuratidza maumbirwo anoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Pakutanga kwedanho rekuveza, nzvimbo yega yega inoiswa ruvara kuratidza kwairi, uye bhokisi rewakisi rakaiswa mitsetse yakasimba inoratidza zvikamu zvinoda kubviswa. Nzvimbo dzemesial nedzekure dzezino dzakanyorwa madotsi matsvuku kuratidza nzvimbo dzinosangana nezino dzicharamba dziri semaprojekiti uye hadzizobviswi panguva yekucheka. Pamusoro peocclusal, madotsi matsvuku anoratidza cusp yega yega seyakachengetedzwa, uye miseve mitsvuku inoratidza divi rekunyora pakucheka wakisi. Kuenzanisa kwe3D kwezvikamu zvakachengetwa uye zvakabviswa kunobvumira kusimbiswa kwechimiro chezvikamu zvakabviswa panguva yematanho anotevera ekuveza wakisi.
Gadzira maekisesaizi ekutanga ezvinhu zve3D nenzira yekucheka mazino nhanho nhanho. a: Nzvimbo yeMesial yepremolar yekutanga yemazamu; b: Nzvimbo dzemazamu dzakanyanya kunaka uye dzemesial dzepremolar yekutanga yemazamu; c: Nzvimbo yeMesial yemolar yekutanga yemazamu; d: Nzvimbo yemesial shoma yemolar yekutanga yemazamu uye mesiobuccal. pamusoro. B - dama; La - ruzha rwemazino; M - ruzha rwepakati.
Zvinhu zvine mativi matatu (3D) zvinomiririra nhanho nhanho yekucheka mazino. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza chinhu che3D chakapedzwa mushure mekuita mamolar molar first modeling process, zvichiratidza ruzivo uye magadzirirwo edanho rega rega rinotevera. Data rechipiri re3D modeling rinosanganisira chinhu chekupedzisira che3D chakawedzerwa mufoni. Mitsetse ine madotsi inomiririra zvikamu zvakakamurwa zvakaenzana zvezino, uye zvikamu zvakakamurwa zvinomiririra izvo zvinofanirwa kubviswa chikamu chine mutsetse wakasimba chisati chabatanidzwa. Museve mutsvuku we3D unoratidza divi rekucheka kwezino, denderedzwa dzvuku riri pamusoro pedistal rinoratidza nzvimbo yekubata mazino, uye silinda dzvuku riri pamusoro pedistal rinoratidza cusp yezino. a: mitsetse ine madotsi, mitsetse yakasimba, madenderedzwa matsvuku pamusoro pedistal uye matanho anoratidza dhaya rinobviswa rewakisi. b: Kupedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemolar yekutanga yejaya repamusoro. c: Kuonekwa kwakazara kwemolar yekutanga yedillary, museve mutsvuku unoratidza divi rezino neshinda yespacer, red cylindrical cusp, mutsetse wakasimba unoratidza chikamu chinofanira kuchekwa pamusoro pedistal. d: Mazino ekutanga emusoro (maxillary first molar).
Kuti zvive nyore kuziva matanho ekucheka akatevedzana uchishandisa nharembozha, mamakisi mana emifananidzo akagadzirwa emota yekutanga yemusana, mandibular first premolar, maxillary first molar, uye maxillary canine. Mamakisi emifananidzo akagadzirwa achishandisa software yePhotoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) uye akashandisa zviratidzo zvenhamba dzakatenderera uye patani yekumashure inodzokororwa kuti asiyanise zino rega rega, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Gadzira mamakisi emifananidzo emhando yepamusoro uchishandisa injini yeVuforia (AR marker creation software), uye gadzira uye chengetedza mamakisi emifananidzo uchishandisa injini yeUnity mushure mekugamuchira chiyero chekuzivikanwa kwenyeredzi shanu kune rumwe rudzi rwemufananidzo. Muenzaniso wemazino e3D unobatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kumamaka emifananidzo, uye nzvimbo yawo nehukuru zvinosarudzwa zvichibva pamamaka. Inoshandisa injini yeUnity nemaapplication eAndroid anogona kuiswa pamafoni.
Chiratidzo chemufananidzo. Mifananidzo iyi inoratidza zviratidzo zvemufananidzo zvakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi, izvo kamera yenharembozha yaizviziva nerudzi rwezino (nhamba iri mudenderedzwa rega rega). a: molar yekutanga yemusana wegumbo; b: premolar yekutanga yemusana wegumbo; c: molar yekutanga yemusana wegumbo; d: imbwa yemusana wegumbo.
Vatori vechikamu vakatorwa kubva mukirasi yekutanga yebasa rekurapa mazino yeDhipatimendi reHutsanana hweMazino, Seong University, Gyeonggi-do. Vatori vechikamu vanogona kuziviswa nezvezvinotevera: (1) Kutora chikamu ndekwekuzvidira uye hakusanganisiri mari yemari kana yedzidzo; (2) Boka rekutonga richashandisa mamodheru epurasitiki, uye boka rekuyedza richashandisa AR mobile application; (3) kuyedza kuchagara mavhiki matatu uye kunosanganisira mazino matatu; (4) Vashandisi veAndroid vachagamuchira link yekuisa application, uye vashandisi veiOS vachagamuchira mudziyo weAndroid une AR-TCPT yakaiswa; (5) AR-TCTP ichashanda nenzira imwechete pamasisitimu ese ari maviri; (6) Kupa boka rekutonga neboka rekuyedza zvisina kurongeka; (7) Kucheka mazino kuchaitwa mumarabhoritari akasiyana; (8) Mushure mekuyedza, zvidzidzo makumi maviri nembiri zvichaitwa; (9) Boka rekutonga rinogona kushandisa AR-TCPT mushure mekuyedza. Vanhu vanosvika makumi mashanu nevaviri vakazvidira, uye fomu rekubvumidza online rakawanikwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe anenge achitora chikamu. Kudzora (n = 26) uye mapoka ekuedza (n = 26) zvakagoverwa zvisina kurongeka uchishandisa basa rekusarongeka muMicrosoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA). Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza kutorwa kwevatori vechikamu uye dhizaini yekuedza mu flowchart.
Dhizaini yekudzidza yekuongorora ruzivo rwevatori vechikamu nemamodeli epurasitiki uye mashandisirwo echokwadi akawedzerwa.
Kutanga musi wa27 Kurume, 2023, boka rekuyedza neboka rekutonga rakashandisa AR-TCPT nemamodeli epurasitiki kuveza mazino matatu, zvichiteerana, kwemavhiki matatu. Vatori vechikamu vakaveza premolars nemamolars, kusanganisira mandibular first molar, mandibular first premolar, uye maxillary first premolar, zvese zvine hunhu hwakaoma hwemaumbirwo. Mazino emazino haabatanidzwi muchifananidzo. Vatori vechikamu vane maawa matatu pasvondo ekucheka zino. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwezino, mamodero epurasitiki nemakamera emifananidzo emapoka ekudzora nekuyedza, zvichiteerana, akabviswa. Pasina kuzivikanwa kwechiratidzo chemufananidzo, zvinhu zvemazino zve3D hazviwedzeredzwe neAR-TCTP. Kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvekudzidzira, mapoka ekuyedza nekutonga akadzidzira kuveza mazino mumakamuri akasiyana. Mhinduro pamusoro pechimiro chezino yakapihwa mavhiki matatu mushure mekupera kwekuyedza kudzikisa pesvedzero yemirairo yemudzidzisi. Mibvunzo yakabvunzwa yakaitwa mushure mekunge kucheka mandibular first molar kwapera muvhiki rechitatu raKubvumbi. Mibvunzo yakagadziriswa kubva kuna Sanders et al. Alfala et al. vakashandisa mibvunzo makumi maviri nematatu kubva pa[26]. [27] vakaongorora mutsauko wechimiro chemoyo pakati pezvishandiso zvekudzidzira. Zvisinei, muchidzidzo ichi, chinhu chimwe chekugadzirisa zvakananga padanho rega rega chakabviswa kubva kuAlfalah et al. [27]. Zvinhu makumi maviri nembiri zvakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1. Mapoka ekudzora nekuyedza aive neCronbach's α values ye0.587 ne0.912, zvichiteerana.
Kuongororwa kwedata kwakaitwa uchishandisa software yeSPSS statistical (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Bvunzo yekukosha kwemativi maviri yakaitwa padanho rekukosha re0.05. Bvunzo chaiyo yaFisher yakashandiswa kuongorora hunhu hwakafanana nehurume, zera, nzvimbo yekugara, uye ruzivo rwekucheka mazino kusimbisa kupararira kwehunhu uhwu pakati pemapoka ekutonga neekuedza. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yaShapiro-Wilk yakaratidza kuti data reongororo raisawanzo kugoverwa (p < 0.05). Nokudaro, bvunzo yeMann-Whitney U isina parameter yakashandiswa kuenzanisa mapoka ekutonga neekuedza.
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa nevatori vechikamu panguva yekurovedza mazino zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Mufananidzo 6a unoratidza modhi yepurasitiki, uye Mifananidzo 6b-d inoratidza AR-TCPT inoshandiswa pafoni. AR-TCPT inoshandisa kamera yemuchina uyu kuona zviratidzo zvemufananidzo uye inoratidza chinhu chemazino che3D chakawedzerwa pachiratidziro icho vatori vechikamu vanogona kugadzirisa nekuona panguva chaiyo. Mabhatani ekuti "Next" uye "Previous" efoni anokubvumira kuti unyatsoona matanho ekucheka uye hunhu hwemazino. Kuti ugadzire zino, vashandisi veAR-TCPT vanoenzanisa modhi ye3D yakawedzerwa pachiratidziro chezino newax block.
Dzidzira kuveza mazino. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza kuenzanisa pakati petsika yekucheka mazino yechinyakare (TCP) uchishandisa mamodheru epurasitiki uye nhanho nhanho TCP uchishandisa maturusi echokwadi akawedzeredzwa. Vadzidzi vanogona kuona matanho ekuveza e3D nekudzvanya mabhatani eNext neAptive. a: Modheru yepurasitiki museti yemamodheru ematanho nhanho nhanho ekuveza mazino. b: TCP uchishandisa chishandiso chechokwadi chakawedzeredzwa padanho rekutanga remandibular first premolar. c: TCP uchishandisa chishandiso chechokwadi chakawedzeredzwa padanho rekupedzisira remandibular first premolar formation. d: Maitiro ekuona makomo nemakomba. IM, label yemufananidzo; MD, nharembozha; NSB, bhatani rekuti "Next"; PSB, bhatani rekuti "Yapfuura"; SMD, chibatiso chenharembozha; TC, muchina wekuveza mazino; W, wax block
Pakanga pasina mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemapoka maviri evatori vechikamu vakasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano maererano nehunhu hwemurume nemukadzi, zera, nzvimbo yavaigara, uye ruzivo rwekucheka mazino (p > 0.05). Boka rekutonga raive nevakadzi 96.2% (n = 25) uye varume 3.8% (n = 1), nepo boka rekuyedza raive nevakadzi chete (n = 26). Boka rekutonga raive ne61.5% (n = 16) yevatori vechikamu vane makore 20, 26.9% (n = 7) yevatori vechikamu vane makore 21, uye 11.5% (n = 3) yevatori vechikamu vane makore ≥ 22, ipapo boka rekutonga rekuyedza raive ne73.1% (n = 19) yevatori vechikamu vane makore 20, 19.2% (n = 5) yevatori vechikamu vane makore 21, uye 7.7% (n = 2) yevatori vechikamu vane makore ≥ 22. Panyaya yekugara, 69.2% (n=18) yeboka rekutonga vaigara muGyeonggi-do, uye 23.1% (n=6) vaigara muSeoul. Kana tichienzanisa, 50.0% (n = 13) yeboka rekuyedza vaigara muGyeonggi-do, uye 46.2% (n = 12) vaigara muSeoul. Chikamu chemapoka ekutonga neekuyedza aigara muIncheon chaive 7.7% (n = 2) uye 3.8% (n = 1), zvichiteerana. Muboka rekutonga, vatori vechikamu 25 (96.2%) vakanga vasina ruzivo rwekucheka mazino kare. Saizvozvowo, vatori vechikamu 26 (100%) muboka rekuyedza vakanga vasina ruzivo rwekucheka mazino kare.
Tafura 2 inoratidza nhamba dzinotsanangura uye kuenzanisa kwenhamba dzemhinduro dzeboka rega rega pazvinhu makumi maviri nezviviri zveongororo. Paive nemusiyano mukuru pakati pemapoka mumhinduro dzechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu makumi maviri nezviviri zvemibvunzo (p < 0.01). Zvichienzaniswa neboka rekutonga, boka rekuyedza raive nemapoinzi akaenzana pamibvunzo makumi maviri nerimwe chete. Pamubvunzo wechi20 (Q20) wemibvunzo chete ndipo boka rekutonga rakawana mapoinzi akakwirira kupfuura boka rekuyedza. Histogram iri muMufananidzo 7 inoratidza musiyano uri pakati pemapoka ari pakati pemapoka. Tafura 2; Mufananidzo 7 unoratidzawo mhedzisiro yeruzivo rwemushandisi papurojekiti yega yega. Muboka rekutonga, chinhu chakawana mapoinzi akawandisa chaive nemubvunzo weQ21, uye chinhu chakawana mapoinzi akaderera chaive nemubvunzo weQ6. Muboka rekuyedza, chinhu chakawana mapoinzi akakwirira chaive nemubvunzo weQ13, uye chinhu chakawana mapoinzi akaderera chaive nemubvunzo weQ20. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 7, musiyano mukuru pakati peboka rekutonga neboka rekuyedza unoonekwa muQ6, uye musiyano mudiki unoonekwa muQ22.
Kuenzanisa mamakisi emibvunzo. Girafu yebhawa ichienzanisa mamakisi akaenzana eboka rekudzora uchishandisa modhi yepurasitiki neboka rekuyedza uchishandisa application ye augmented reality. AR-TCPT, chishandiso chekudzidzira kucheka mazino chakavakirwa pa augmented reality.
Tekinoroji yeAR iri kuramba ichizivikanwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurapa mazino, kusanganisira kutaridzika kwekiriniki, kuvhiyiwa kwemuromo, tekinoroji yekudzorera, chimiro chemazino uye implantology, uye simulation [28, 29, 30, 31]. Semuenzaniso, Microsoft HoloLens inopa maturusi epamusoro ekuwedzera echokwadi ekuvandudza dzidzo yemazino nekuronga kuvhiyiwa [32]. Tekinoroji yeVirtual reality inopawo nzvimbo yekufananidzira yekudzidzisa chimiro chemazino [33]. Kunyangwe aya madhiraivha epamusoro-soro anoenderana nehardware-akaiswa mumusoro asati awanikwa zvakanyanya mudzidzo yemazino, maapplication eAR enharembozha anogona kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekushandisa kliniki uye kubatsira vashandisi kunzwisisa nekukurumidza anatomy [34, 35]. Tekinoroji yeAR inogonawo kuwedzera kukurudzira kwevadzidzi uye kufarira kudzidza chimiro chemazino uye kupa ruzivo rwekudzidza rwunopindirana uye rwunonakidza [36]. Maturusi ekudzidza eAR anobatsira vadzidzi kuona maitiro akaomarara emazino uye anatomy mu3D [37], izvo zvakakosha kuti vanzwisise chimiro chemazino.
Kukanganiswa kwemamodeli emazino epurasitiki akadhindwa ne3D pakudzidzisa chimiro chemazino kwatova nani pane mabhuku ane mifananidzo netsananguro dze2D [38]. Zvisinei, kushandurwa kwedzidzo nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakaita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuisa michina nematekinoroji akasiyana-siyana muhutano nedzidzo yezvekurapa, kusanganisira dzidzo yemazino [35]. Vadzidzisi vakatarisana nedambudziko rekudzidzisa pfungwa dzakaoma mumunda uri kuchinja nekukurumidza uye une simba [39], izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaoko pamwe chete nemamodeli ekare eresin emazino kubatsira vadzidzi mukuita kuveza mazino. Saka, chidzidzo ichi chinopa chishandiso chinoshanda cheAR-TCPT chinoshandisa tekinoroji yeAR kubatsira mukuita morphology yemazino.
Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peruzivo rwemushandisi wemapurogiramu eAR yakakosha pakunzwisisa zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kushandiswa kwema multimedia [40]. Ruzivo rwakanaka rwemushandisi weAR runogona kuona divi rekuvandudzwa kwayo, kusanganisira chinangwa chayo, nyore kushandisa, kushanda zvakanaka, kuratidzwa kwemashoko, uye kudyidzana [41]. Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 2, kunze kweQ20, boka rekuyedza raishandisa AR-TCPT rakawana mazinga eruzivo rwemushandisi akakwira zvichienzaniswa neboka rekutonga raishandisa mamodheru epurasitiki. Zvichienzaniswa nemamodheru epurasitiki, ruzivo rwekushandisa AR-TCPT mukuita kuveza mazino rwakakosheswa zvikuru. Kuongororwa kunosanganisira kunzwisisa, kuona, kutarisa, kudzokorora, kubatsira kwezvishandiso, uye kusiyana kwemaonero. Mabhenefiti ekushandisa AR-TCPT anosanganisira kunzwisisa nekukurumidza, kufamba zvakanaka, kuchengetedza nguva, kukura kwehunyanzvi hwekunyora usati watanga, kufukidzwa kwakazara, kudzidza kwakavandudzwa, kudzikira kwekuvimba nemabhuku ekuverenga, uye hunhu hwekudyidzana, hunonakidza, uye ruzivo rwechiitiko chacho. AR-TCPT inobatsirawo kudyidzana nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekudzidzira uye inopa maonero akajeka kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana.
Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 7, AR-TCPT yakapa imwe pfungwa mumubvunzo wechi20: mufananidzo wakazara wekushandisa unoratidza matanho ese ekucheka mazino anodiwa kubatsira vadzidzi kuita kucheka mazino. Kuratidzwa kwemaitiro ese ekucheka mazino kwakakosha pakuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekucheka mazino vasati varapa varwere. Boka rekuyedza rakawana mamaki epamusoro muQ13, mubvunzo wakakosha une chekuita nekubatsira kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekucheka mazino nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwevashandisi vasati varapa varwere, zvichiratidza kugona kwechishandiso ichi mukuita kucheka mazino. Vashandisi vanoda kushandisa hunyanzvi hwavanodzidza mukiriniki. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvekutevera zvinodiwa kuti vaongorore kukura uye kushanda kwehunyanzvi chaihwo hwekucheka mazino. Mubvunzo wechitanhatu wakabvunza kana mamodheru epurasitiki neAR-TCTP zvingashandiswa kana zvichidikanwa, uye mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu dzakaratidza musiyano mukuru pakati pemapoka maviri aya. Sefoni app, AR-TCPT yakaratidza kuva nyore kushandisa zvichienzaniswa nemamodheru epurasitiki. Zvisinei, zvichiri kuoma kuratidza kushanda kwedzidzo kwemaapplication eAR zvichibva pane ruzivo rwemushandisi chete. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinodiwa kuti vaongorore kushanda kweAR-TCTP pamapiritsi emazino apera. Zvisinei, muchidzidzo ichi, kuyera kwakawanda kweruzivo rwevashandisi veAR-TCPT kunoratidza kugona kwayo sechishandiso chinoshanda.
Chidzidzo ichi chekuenzanisa chinoratidza kuti AR-TCPT inogona kuva imwe nzira inokosha kana kuti inobatsira kune mapurasitiki echinyakare mumahofisi emazino, sezvo yakagamuchira mareti akanaka maererano neruzivo rwemushandisi. Zvisinei, kuona kunaka kwayo kunoda kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa nevadzidzisi vemapfupa akavezwa ari pakati nepakupedzisira. Pamusoro pezvo, simba rekusiyana kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe mukugona kwekuona nzvimbo pamaitiro ekucheka uye zino rekupedzisira rinofanirawo kuongororwa. Kugona kwemazino kunosiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekucheka uye zino rekupedzisira. Naizvozvo, kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kunodiwa kuratidza kushanda kweAR-TCPT sechishandiso chekudzidzira kucheka mazino uye kunzwisisa basa rekugadzirisa uye rekugadzirisa rekushandiswa kweAR mumaitiro ekucheka. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inofanira kutarisa pakuongorora kugadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwezvishandiso zvemaumbirwo emazino uchishandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro yeHoloLens AR.
Muchidimbu, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kugona kweAR-TCPT sechishandiso chekudzidzira kuveza mazino sezvo ichipa vadzidzi ruzivo rwekudzidza rutsva uye rwunodyidzana. Zvichienzaniswa neboka remhando yepurasitiki yechinyakare, boka reAR-TCPT rakaratidza zvibodzwa zvepamusoro zvevashandisi, kusanganisira mabhenefiti akadai sekunzwisisa nekukurumidza, kudzidza kuri nani, uye kudzikira kwekuvimba nemabhuku ekudzidza. Nehunyanzvi hwayo hwakajairika uye nyore kushandisa, AR-TCPT inopa imwe nzira inovimbisa pane zvishandiso zvepurasitiki zvechinyakare uye inogona kubatsira vatsva kuveza 3D. Zvisinei, tsvakiridzo yakawanda inodiwa kuti iongorore kushanda kwayo mudzidzo, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwayo kugona kwevanhu kuveza uye huwandu hwemazino akavezwa.
Madhata akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi anowanikwa nekubata munyori anoenderana navo kana paine chikonzero chakanaka.
Bogacki RE, Best A, Abby LM Chidzidzo chekuenzana kwechirongwa chekudzidzisa nezvemaumbirwo emazino chakavakirwa pakombuta. Jay Dent Ed. 2004;68:867–71.
Abu Eid R, Ewan K, Foley J, Oweis Y, Jayasinghe J. Kudzidza nekuzvitungamira uye kugadzira modhi yemazino yekudzidza chimiro chemazino: maonero evadzidzi paYunivhesiti yeAberdeen, Scotland. Jay Dent Ed. 2013;77:1147–53.
Lawn M, McKenna JP, Cryan JF, Downer EJ, Toulouse A. Ongororo yenzira dzekudzidzisa maitiro emazino dzinoshandiswa muUK neIreland. European Journal of Dental Education. 2018;22:e438–43.
Obrez A., Briggs S., Backman J., Goldstein L., Lamb S., Knight WG Kudzidzisa hunhu hwemazino hunoenderana nekiriniki muchirongwa chemazino: Tsananguro uye kuongororwa kwemodule itsva. Jay Dent Ed. 2011;75:797–804.
Costa AK, Xavier TA, Paes-Junior TD, Andreatta-Filho OD, Borges AL. Simba renzvimbo yekubata ye occlusal pazvikanganiso zve cuspal uye kupararira kwekushushikana. Practice J Contemp Dent. 2014;15:699–704.
Sugars DA, Bader JD, Phillips SW, White BA, Brantley CF. Migumisiro yekusatsiva mazino ekumashure akashaikwa. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:1317–23.
Wang Hui, Xu Hui, Zhang Jing, Yu Sheng, Wang Ming, Qiu Jing, nevamwe. Mhedzisiro yemazino epurasitiki akadhindwa mu3D pakuita kwekosi yechimiro chemazino payunivhesiti yeChina. BMC Medical Education. 2020;20:469.
Risnes S, Han K, Hadler-Olsen E, Sehik A. Chirahwe chekuziva mazino: nzira yekudzidzisa nekudzidza chimiro chemazino. European Journal of Dental Education. 2019;23:62–7.
Kirkup ML, Adams BN, Reiffes PE, Hesselbart JL, Willis LH Mufananidzo unokosha mazwi chiuru here? Kushanda kwetekinoroji yeiPad muzvidzidzo zverabhoritari yemazino zvisati zvaitwa. Jay Dent Ed. 2019;83:398–406.
Goodacre CJ, Younan R, Kirby W, Fitzpatrick M. Kuedza kwedzidzo kwakatangwa neCOVID-19: kushandisa waxing kumba uye mawebhusaiti kudzidzisa kosi yemavhiki matatu yekuvaka mazino kune vadzidzi vegore rekutanga. J Prosthetics. 2021;30:202–9.
Roy E, Bakr MM, George R. Kudiwa kwekushandisa maekisesaizi echokwadi chaiwo mukudzidzisa mazino: ongororo. Saudi Dent Magazine 2017; 29:41-7.
Garson J. Ongororo yemakore makumi maviri nemashanu edzidzo yezvechokwadi yakawedzeredzwa. Kudyidzana kwetekinoroji yakawanda. 2021;5:37.
Tan SY, Arshad H., Abdullah A. Mapurogiramu anoshanda uye ane simba ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvefoni. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol. 2018;8:1672–8.
Wang M., Callaghan W., Bernhardt J., White K., Peña-Rios A. Chokwadi chakawedzerwa mudzidzo nekudzidziswa: nzira dzekudzidzisa uye mienzaniso inotsanangura. J Ambient intelligence. Human Computing. 2018;9:1391–402.
Pellas N, Fotaris P, Kazanidis I, Wells D. Kuvandudza ruzivo rwekudzidza mudzidzo yepuraimari nesekondari: ongororo yakarongeka yemafambiro azvino mukudzidza kwechokwadi chakawedzerwa kwakavakirwa pamitambo. Chokwadi chaicho. 2019;23:329–46.
Mazzuco A., Krassmann AL, Reategui E., Gomez RS Ongororo yakarongeka ye augmented reality mudzidzo yekemesitiri. Mufundisi weDzidzo. 2022;10:e3325.
Akçayır M, Akçayır G. Mabhenefiti nematambudziko ane chekuita ne augmented reality mudzidzo: ongororo yemabhuku yakarongeka. Educational Studies, ed. 2017; 20:1–11.
Dunleavy M, Dede S, Mitchell R. Mikana uye miganhu yekubatanidza kwakawedzerwa kwechokwadi kwakadzama kwekudzidzisa nekudzidza. Journal of Science Education Technology. 2009;18:7-22.
Zheng KH, Tsai SK Mikana yekuwedzera chokwadi mukudzidza kwesainzi: Mazano ekutsvagisa mune ramangwana. Journal of Science Education Technology. 2013;22:449–62.
Kilistoff AJ, McKenzie L, D'Eon M, Trinder K. Kubudirira kwemaitiro ekuveza nhanho nhanho kuvadzidzi vemazino. Jay Dent Ed. 2013;77:63–7.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-25-2023