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Zvikumbiro zveClinical Intellial Intelligence (AI) iri kukura nekukurumidza, Pano isu tinotsanangura nzira yekudzidzisa yehungwaru yatakavandudza uye yakaunzwa kuvadzidzi veCanada uye vanokurudzira kudzidziswa kwemangwana.
Kungwara kwehunyanzvi (AI) mumushonga kunogona kuvandudza basa rekushandisa zvakanaka uye rubatsiro rwekiriniki sarudzo yekuita. Kuti titungamire zvakachengeteka kushandiswa kwehungwaru hwekungwara, varapi vanofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwehungwaru hwekungwara. Vazhinji vanonongedza vanotsigira kudzidzisa AI concepts1, sekutsanangura ei models uye maitiro ekuratidzira2. Nekudaro, zvidiki zvakarongeka zvirongwa zvave kuitwa, kunyanya pane imwe nyika. Pinto Dos Santos et al.3. Vadzidzi vezvokurapa vezvokurapa vakaongororwa uye makumi manomwe nenomwe muzana vakabvuma kuti vaida kudzidziswa muhungwaru hwekungwara. Kudzidzisa kwehungwaru hwengwaru kune vateereri vekurapa kunoda kurapa kunorwadza kunobatanidza technical uye isiri-technical pfungwa dzeVadzidzi vanowanzove neruzivo rwakakura. Isu tinorondedzera chiitiko chedu chekuendesa nhevedzano yeAi mapoka matatu evadzidzi vekurapa uye kuita mazano edzidzo yekurapa mune ramangwana muAI.
Shanduro yedu yemasikati yedu yehungwaru hwekungwarira mumusangano wevadzidzi vezvekurapa yakaitwa katatu pakati paFebruary 2015. Chirongwa cheMusangano wega wega, nerondedzero pfupi yekuchinja, inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1. Kosi yedu ine yedu Zvikonzero zvitatu zvekufunda
Bhuruu ndiyo musoro wenyaya uye mwenje webhuruu ndiwo mubvunzo unoshanda uye nguva yekupindura. Chikamu chegrey ndiko kutarisa kwebhuku pfupi pfupi. Zvikamu zveorenji zvakasarudzwa zviitiko zvidzidzo zvinotsanangura zvine hunyanzvi zvekunzwisisa maitiro kana maitiro. Green inzvimbo inotungamirwa purogiramu yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa kungwara kwezvinhu zvekugadzirisa matambudziko ekiriniki uye kuongorora mhando. Zviri mukati uye nguva yemashopu anosiyana zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwezvido zveVadzidzi.
Musangano wekutanga wakaitwa kuYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia kubva muna Kukadzi kusvika Kubvumbi 2019, uye vese vatori vechikamu vakapa mhinduro yakanaka4. Nekuda kweiyo Chand-19, Wechipiri Workokitori waiitwa muna Gumiguru-Mbudzi 2020, nevadzidzi vepiri vekurapa uye vagari vatatu kubva kuzvikoro zvechiremba zvevachiremba vekurapa vanonyoresa. Mharidzo masiraidhi uye kodhi yakaiswa kune yakavhurika yekuwana saiti (http://ubcaimed.gubhib.io). Iyo kiyi mhinduro kubva kuThe Yekutanga Iteni yaive yekuti hurukuro dzaive dzakanyanya uye zvinhu zvakanyanyisa. Kubatira Canada maawa matanhatu akasiyana kunomirira mamwe matambudziko. Saka, wechipiri musangano wakapfupikiswa chikamu chega chega kusvika 1 awa Key Feetback kubva kune yechipiri Iteration yaisanganisira yakanaka mhinduro pamifananidzo yekuronga uye chikumbiro kuratidza kuronga chirongwa chekudzidza muchina. Naizvozvo, mumusangano wedu wechitatu, waibata basa reChirungu dzechitatu, munaKurume makumi maviri nemaviri
Kuongororwa kwedata: Munda wekudzidza muhuwandu hunoratidza maitiro ane chinangwa mu data nekuongorora, kugadzirisa, uye kutaura maitiro edata.
Mining Mining: Maitiro ekuzivisa uye kubvisa data. Muchirevo chehungwaru hwekungwara, izvi zvinowanzove zvakakura, zvine akawanda akasiyana emuenzaniso wega wega.
Dimensionality kuderedza: Maitiro ekuchinja data ane akawanda emunhu maficha mune mashoma maficha achichengetedza zvinhu zvakakosha zve data rekutanga set.
Hunhu (mune mamiriro ehunyanzvi hwekungwarira): Kuyera zvinhu zvemuenzaniso. Kazhinji inoshandiswa nenzira inoshandurwa ne "pfuma" kana "inoshanduka".
Gradient Activation Mepu: maitiro anoshandiswa kududzira maitiro ekusimudzira (kunyanya anoongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa chikamu chekupedzisira chetiweki kuti azivise matunhu e data kana mifananidzo inofungidzirwa zvakanyanya.
Standard Model: Iyo iripo AI modhi iyo yanga yave yakadzidziswa kuita mabasa akafanana.
Kuedza (muchinyorwa chehungwaru hwekungwarira): Kuona maitiro anoita muenzaniso anoita basa uchishandisa data haina kusangana kare.
Kudzidziswa (mumamiriro ezvinhu ehunyanzvi hwekunyepedzera)
Vector: ronga data. Mukudzidza muchina kudzidza, chimwe nechimwe chinhu chakarongeka chinowanzove chinhu chakasarudzika chemuenzaniso.
Tafura 1 Rondedzero iyo yazvino matsime eApril 2021, kusanganisira zvinangwa zvekudzidza zvinangwa zvemusoro wega wega. Iyi yebasa inoitirwa iyo idzva kune iyo technical level uye haidi chero ruzivo rwemasvomhu kupfuura gore rekutanga rekurapa rekurapa. Iyo kosi yakagadziriswa nevadzidzi vekurapa 6 uye 3 vadzidzisi vane madhigirii epamberi neinjiniya. Injiniya iri kuvandudza pfungwa dzekungwarira dzekudzidzisa kudzidzisa, uye vadzidzi vekurapa vari kudzidza zvakaringana zvinhu.
Mashopu anosanganisira hurukuro, kesi zvidzidzo, uye kutungamirirwa kurongwa. Muchitendero chekutanga, tinodzokorora pfungwa dzakasarudzwa dzekuongororwa kwedata muBiostatistics, kusanganisira kuzivikanwa kwedata, kufungidzira kwehuwandu, uye kuenzanisa kwehuwandu hwekutsanangura uye hunotsanangurwa. Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwedatha ndiyo nheyo yehungwaru hwehungwaru, isu hatisi kunze kwemisoro yakadai seyunziti yedata, kuongororwa kwekukosha, kana kutaurirana kwekuona. Izvi zvaive nekuda kwekunetseka kwenguva uye zvakare nekuti vamwe vadzidzi vevadzidzi vaive vasati vadzidziswa muBiostatistics uye vaida kufukidza mamwe mashini ekudzidza. Iyo inotevera hurukuro inotevera inosunura nzira dzazvino uye inokurukura AI dambudziko rekugadzira, zvakanakira uye zvisingakwanisi zveAI mhando, uye kuyedzwa kwemuenzaniso. Iyo hurukuro dzinozotaurwa nemabhuku uye nekutsvagisa kwehurongwa hwezvakarereka zvine hungwaru. Isu tinosimbisa hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti tiongorore kushanda uye kutadza kwemuenzaniso kuti agadzirise mibvunzo yekiriniki, kusanganisira kunzwisisa izvo zvausingakwanisi kuita zvekunzwisisa zviripo. Semuenzaniso, takakumbira vadzidzi kuti vaturure musoro wePediatric kukuvara kwakakurudzirwa nePPermance Sarudzo yeAlgorithm yekuziva kuti CT Scan ichave inoshanda zvichienderana nekuongororwa kweChiremba. Isu tinosimbisa kuti uyu muenzaniso wakajairika weAI uchipa kufungidzira kwekufungidzira kune varapi kududzira, pane kutsiva varapi.
Mune inowanikwa yakavhurika sosi bootstrap yehurongwa Mienzaniso (https://gcemed.gisterimming /: THELMENTY / DZVANYANYA KUKUNDA, RINOGONESA ROPA ROPA, UYE KUDZIDZA . uye kuyedza. Isu tinoshandisa zvinyorwa zveGoogle Colaborator (Google LLC, gomo remagetsi, ca), inobvumira python kodhi kuti iurawe kubva pawebhu browser. Mu fig. Mumbai 2 inopa muenzaniso wekurovedza muviri. Ichi chiitiko chinosanganisira kufanotaura zvinokuvadza uchishandisa Wisconsin yakavhurika mazamu ekufungidzira Dataset6 uye musarudzo muti algorithm.
Zvirongwa zviripo muvhiki muvhiki muzvinyorwa zvine chekuita uye sarudza mienzaniso kubva kubudiswa AI application. Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvinongosanganisirwa chete kana zvichinge zvakaonekwa kuti zvinokodzera kupa nzwisiso yekiriniki yemangwana, sekuongorora maitiro kuti uone kana vakagadzirira kushandiswa mumiedzo yekiriniki. Iyi mienzaniso inotsemuka mune yakazara-yakapera kupera-kusvika-kuguma application iyo inokoshesa tumors sekabhenji kana inokuvadza yakavakirwa pane zvekurapa ma parmet.
Heterogener yeruzivo rwepamberi. Vatori vechikamu chedu vakasiyana-siyana muzinga ravo rezivo yemasvomhu. Semuenzaniso, vadzidzi vane ruzivo rwepamberi renhau vari kutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvakadzama, zvakadai sekuita kwavo mavo mese shanduko. Nekudaro, kukurukura iyo Inquer Algorithm iri mukirasi haigoneke nekuti inoda ruzivo rwakadzika mukugadzirisa chiratidzo.
Kupinda kunze. Kupinda pamisangano yekutevera kwakadzikira, kunyanya munzvimbo online. Mhinduro ingangove yekutevera kupinda uye kupa chitupa chekupedzisa. Zvikoro zvekurapa zvinozivikanwa kuti uzive zvinyorwa zvezvidzidzo zvevadzidzi zvedzidzo, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira vadzidzi kuti vatevedze degree.
Kosi Dhizaini: Nekuti AI Splans Spans Subfields yakawanda, kusarudza pfungwa dzakadzama dzedzakadzika uye hupamhi hunogona kuve hwakaoma. Semuenzaniso, kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kweAI zvishandiso kubva kubhabhoritari kukiriniki inyaya yakakosha. Nepo isu tichizovhara dhata yekugadzirira, kuvhevedza, uye tisimbise misoro yakadai seyakakura data yekuongorora, kana kuitisa miedzo yeAi, pachinzvimbo chatinoisa pfungwa pane yakasarudzika yeAI concepts. Nhungamiro yedu inotungamira ndeye kuvandudza kuverenga, kwete hunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, kunzwisisa kuti maitiro emhando yekuisa zvinhu zvakakosha sei kukosha kwekududzira. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeye kushandisa Gradient Activation Mepu, iyo inogona kuona kuti ndeipi nzvimbo dze data dzinofanotaura. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda multivariate calculus uye haigone kuunzwa8. Kukudziridza terminilogy kwakajairika kwaive kwakaoma nekuti takanga tichiedza kutsanangura nzira yekushanda nedata seyaversions pasina chimiro chemasvomhu. Cherekedza kuti mazwi akasiyana ane zvirevo zvakafanana, semuenzaniso, mudendero, "hunhu" hunorondedzerwa se "zvinoshandurwa" kana "hunhu."
Kuchengeta Kweruzivo. Nekuti kunyorera kweAI kunogumira, iyo huwandu upi wokutora chikamu chaunogara zivo nguva dzose kuti uonekwe. Chikoro chezvikoro zvekurapa zvinowanzovimba nekudzokorora kwakapetwa kuti kusimbisa ruzivo panguva yekutenderera zvinoshanda, 9 iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kune dzidzo yeAi.
Nyanzvi inonyanya kukosha pane kuverenga. Uku kudzika kwezvinyorwa kwakagadzirwa pasina kuomera kwemasvomhu, icho chaive chinetso paunenge uchimhanya kiriniki makiromita muhungwaru hwekungwara. Mumienzaniso yekuronga, tinoshandisa chirongwa che template icho chinobvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vazadze minda uye kumhanyisa software yacho pasina kuti uzive nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yakazara yehurongwa.
Kunetseka nezvehungwaru hwekunyepedzera kwakataurwa Kuti titaure nenyaya iyi, tinotsanangura zvisingakwanisi kuAi, kusanganisira chokwadi chekuti zvinenge zvese zveAI tekinoroji zvakabvumidzwa nezvevarairidzi zvinoda chiremba wechibayiro11. Isu tinokusimbisawo kukosha kwe bias nekuti algorithms vanowanzoita bias, kunyanya kana iyo data yakaiswa isiri kusiyana12. Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe subgroup inogona kuve yakagadziriswa zvisirizvo, zvichitungamira kusarudzo dzisina kurongeka.
Zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa pachena: Isu takagadzira zviwanikwa pachena zviripo, kusanganisira hurukuro dzidziso uye kodhi. Kunyangwe kuwana kune synchronous zvirimo nekuda kwenguva yakati, vhura surure zvemukati inzira iri nyore yekufunda asynchronous kubva kuAsynchronous kudzidza kubva kuAi hunyanzvi hariwanikwe pazvikoro zvese zvekurapa.
Interdisciplinary Kubatana: Iyi yekushandira chiitiko chakabatanidzwa chakatangwa nevadzidzi vekurapa kuronga makosi pamwechete neinjiniya. Izvi zvinoratidza mikana yekubatana uye zivo yeruzivo munzvimbo mbiri idzi, zvichibvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vanzwisise basa ripi zvavanogona kubatsira mune ramangwana.
Tsanangura Ai Core kukwikwidza. Kutsanangura rondedzero yemakwikwi kunopa chimiro chakaenzana chinogona kuve chakabatanidzwa mune zviripo zviripo-zvakavakirwa pakurapa curriculula. Iyi yebasa parizvino inoshandisa yekudzidza mazano 2 (nzwisiso), 3 (application), uye 4 (ongororo) yemubhadharo wemutero. Kuve nekuzviisa zviwanikwa pamatanho akakwirira ekutsaura, sekugadzira mapurojekiti, kunogona kuwedzera kusimbisa ruzivo. Izvi zvinoda kushanda nekiriniki nyanzvi dzekuona kuti Ai misoro inogona kuiswa sei kune kiriniki inoshanda
Gadzira zviitiko zvidzidzo uchishandisa AI. Zvakafanana nekiriniki mienzaniso, kudzidza-kwakavakirwa kudzidza kunogona kusimbisa pfungwa dzisingazivikanwe nekujekesa kukosha kwavo mibvunzo yekiriniki. Semuenzaniso, imwe yekudzidza yeGoogle yakaongorora Google's Ai-yakavakirwa chirwere cheshuga yekuchengetedza system 13 kuratidza matambudziko munzira kubva kuLab kune Clinic
Shandisa Kuongorora Kwazvo: Unyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hunoda tsika dzakatariswa uye dzidzo dzakadzokororwa kuTenzi, dzakafanana nekuenderera mberi kwekudzidza zviitiko zvekiriniki. Imwe nzira inogona kuitika ndeyekubhururuka kirasi yemhando, iyo yakataurwa kuti uvandudze ruzivo rwekuchenjera mune yeinjiniya dzidzo14. Mumuenzaniso uyu, vadzidzi vanoongorora zvinhu zvekuzvimiririra vakazvimirira uye nguva yekirasi yakazvipira kugadzirisa matambudziko kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zveCase.
Kuenda kune vechilisidisciplinary vatori vechikamu: Isu tinozivisa AI Kugamuchirwa kunosanganisira kubatana muzvikamu zvakawanda, kusanganisira vanachiremba uye vakabatanidza vashandi vehutano vane huwandu hwedzidzo. Naizvozvo, curcricula ingangoda kuvandudzwa mukubvunzurudzwa neakanaka kubva kumadhipatimendi akasiyana ekugadzirisa zvavakaita kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutano hwevanhu.
Kungwara kwehunyanzvi kwakakwirira-tech uye kwayo core concepts kunoenderana nemasvomhu neyesainzi yemakomputa. Kudzidzisa vashandi vehutano kuti vanzwisise kungwara kwekungwarira kunopa matambudziko akasarudzika mukusarudzwa kwemukati, kushandurwa kwekiriniki, uye nzira dzekutakura. Isu tinovimba kuti ruzivo rwekuti rwakawana kubva kuAI muzvidzidzo zvekushandisa zvichabatsira vadzidzisi vemangwana kuwana nzira dzevamangwana rekubatanidza AI mu dzidzo yekurapa.
Iyo Google Colaboratory Python Script is script is is: https://gitub.com/ubcimed/ubcaimed/ubcimed.g) :/tree/master/.
Prober, Kg naKhan, S. Rethinking Dzidzo Yekurapa: Kudaidzira kuti uite. Akkad. mushonga. 88, 1407-1410 (2013).
McCoy, lg etc. Chii chinodiwa nevadzidzi vekurapa kuti vazive nezvehungwaru hwekungwara? NPZH nhamba. Mushonga 3, 1-3 (2020).
Dos Santos, DP, et Al. Mafungiro evadzidzi vezvekurapa maererano nehungwaru hwehungwaru: ongororo yemilikiya. Euro. radiation. 29, 1640-1646 (2019).
Fan, ky, hu, r., uye singla, r. Sumo kumacheya kudzidza kwevadzidzi vekurapa: chirongwa chekutyaira. J. Med. Dzidzisa. 54, 1042-1043 (2020).
Cooperman n, et al. Kuzivisa vana panjodzi yakaderera kwazvo yemarinari akakosha ekukuvara kwehuropi mushure mekukuvara kwemusoro: anovhundutsa cohort kudzidza. LANCET 374, 1160-117 (2009).
Rue, Wn, Wolberg, Whine Mangasarian, Ol. Nyukireya yeNyukireya Extraction yechipfuva kuongororwa kwechipfuva. Biomedical sainzi. Mufananidzo wekugadzirisa. Biomedical sainzi. Weiss. 1905, 861-870 (1993).
Chen, PHC, Liu, Y. naPeng, L. Maitiro ekugadzira mamiri ekudzidza mhando dzehutano. Nat. Mat. 18, 410-444 (2019).
Selvaaraju, RR et Al. Grad-CAM Matanho eIeee International Musangano weComputer Vision, 618-626 (2017).
Kumaravel b, Stewart K uye ilic D. Kukura uye kuongororwa kwemhando yekutsvaira yekuongorora humbowo-kwakaringana mishonga uchishandisa Omce mukurapa dzidzo yekurapa. BMK mushonga. Dzidzisa. 21, 1-9 (2021).
Kolachalama vb uye Garg PS muchina kudzidza uye dzidzo yekurapa. NPZH nhamba. mushonga. 1, 1-3 (2018).
Van Leeuwen, Kg, Schhalekamp, Schalekamp, Schallekamp, Schallekmas, Schen, Mj, MJ Euro. radiation. 31, 3797-3804 (2021).
Topol, ej high-yekuita mishonga: iyo convergence yehungwaru hwevanhu uye hwekungwarira. Nat. mushonga. 25, 44-56 (2019).
Bede, E. ET Al. Kuongororwa kwevanhu kwehunhu hwegadziriro yakadzika yekufunda yakaiswa mubiriniki yekuonekwa kwedambudziko reshuga retinopathy. Kuenderera mberi kweiyo 2020 chi musangano pane zvevanhu muzvinhu zvekukomberedza (2020).
Kerr, B. Kirasi yakaputirwa muInjiniya Dzidzo: Ongororo Yekutsvagisa. Kuenderera mberi kweMusangano Wenyika Kuna 2015 Pakushanda Kwekufambidzana Kubatana (2015).
Vanyori vanotenda Danielle Walker, Tim Salcudin, naPeter Zandstra kubva kuBiomedical fungidziro uye yekungwarira yekutsvagurudza kuyunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia yekutsigira uye mari.
RH, map, zh, rs uye ma ndivo vane mhosva yekukudziridza kudzidzisa kwemusangano. RH uye PP vaive nebasa rekuvaka mienzaniso yekuronga. Kyf, oy, mt uye pw vaive nemhosva yesangano renzvimbo yeiyo purojekiti uye kuongororwa kwemashopu. RH, OY, Mt, rs vaive vane basa rekugadzira nhamba nematafura. RH, KYF, PP, ZH, ZH, Mai, Ww, TL, TL, TL, TL, TL, MART vaive nebasa rekunyora uye kugadzirisa gwaro.
Kutaurirana Kureva Kutenda Carolyn McGregor, Fabio Moraes, uye Aditya Borakati Mirakati nekuda kwezvipiriso zvavo pakuongorora kweiri basa iri.
Kutumira Nguva: Kukadzi-19-202024