Ndatenda nekushanyira Nature.com.Shanduro yebrowser yauri kushandisa ine tsigiro yeCSS shoma.Kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka, tinokurudzira kushandisa imwe vhezheni itsva yebrowser yako (kana kudzima inoenderana modhi muInternet Explorer).Zvichakadaro, kuti tive nechokwadi cherutsigiro runoenderera, tiri kuratidza saiti isina kutaera kana JavaScript.
Zvikumbiro zvekiriniki yekunyepedzera kungwara (AI) zviri kukura nekukurumidza, asi zviripo zvechikoro chekurapa zvinopa dzidziso shoma inofukidza nzvimbo iyi.Pano tinotsanangura kosi yekudzidzira hungwaru yekudzidzira yatakagadzira tikaendesa kuvadzidzi vezvokurapa vekuCanada uye nekuita kurudziro yekudzidziswa kweramangwana.
Artificial intelligence (AI) mumushonga inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwenzvimbo yebasa uye kubatsira kuita sarudzo yekiriniki.Kuti vatungamirire zvakachengeteka kushandiswa kweuchenjeri hwekugadzira, vanachiremba vanofanira kuva nekunzwisisa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira.Mazhinji makomendi anotsigira kudzidzisa AI concepts1, sekutsanangura maAI modhi uye maitiro ekusimbisa2.Zvakadaro, zvirongwa zvishoma zvakarongeka zvakaitwa, kunyanya padanho renyika.Pinto dos Santos et al.3.263 vadzidzi vezvokurapa vakaongororwa uye 71% vakabvuma kuti vaida kudzidziswa muhungwaru hwekugadzira.Kudzidzisa hungwaru hwekugadzira kune vateereri vekurapa kunoda dhizaini yakangwarira iyo inosanganisa hunyanzvi uye isiri-hunyanzvi pfungwa dzevadzidzi vanowanzove neruzivo rwakakura rwekare.Isu tinotsanangura chiitiko chedu kuendesa akatevedzana eAI maworkshops kumapoka matatu evadzidzi vezvokurapa uye kuita kurudziro yeramangwana dzidzo yekurapa muAI.
Yedu yemavhiki mashanu Sumo yeArtificial Intelligence in Medicine workshop yevadzidzi vezvokurapa yakaitwa katatu pakati paFebruary 2019 naApril 2021. Purogiramu yemusangano wega wega, ine tsananguro pfupi yekuchinja kwekosi, inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1. Kosi yedu ine Zvinangwa zvitatu zvekutanga zvekudzidza: vadzidzi vanonzwisisa kuti data rinogadziriswa sei mukushandiswa kwenjere, kuongorora zvinyorwa zvenjere zvemakiriniki ekushandiswa kwekiriniki, uye kushandisa mikana yekubatana nevainjiniya vanogadzira hungwaru hwekunyepa.
Bhuruu ndiyo musoro wehurukuro uye bhururu yebhuruu ndiyo inopindirana mubvunzo uye nguva yekupindura.Chikamu che grey ndicho chinotariswa cheongororo yezvinyorwa zvipfupi.Zvikamu zveorenji zvakasarudzwa zvidzidzo zvinotsanangura maitiro ehungwaru hwekugadzira kana maitiro.Green ndiyo inotungamirwa programming kosi yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa hungwaru hwekugadzira kugadzirisa matambudziko ekiriniki uye kuongorora mhando.Zviri mukati uye nguva yewekishopu zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwezvido zvevadzidzi.
Musangano wekutanga wakaitwa paUniversity yeBritish Columbia kubva muna Kukadzi kusvika Kubvumbi 2019, uye vese vatori vechikamu vasere vakapa mhinduro yakanaka.Nekuda kweCCIDID-19, musangano wechipiri wakaitwa muna Gumiguru-Mbudzi 2020, paine vadzidzi vekurapa mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nevaviri uye vagari vatatu kubva kuzvikoro zvisere zvekurapa zveCanada vachinyoresa.Mharidzo masiraidhi uye kodhi zvakaiswa kune yakavhurika yekuwana saiti (http://ubcaimed.github.io).Mhinduro huru kubva pakutanga iteration yaive yekuti hurukuro dzaive dzakanyanya uye zvinhu zvakanyanyisa dzidziso.Kushandira nzvimbo nhanhatu dzeCanada dzine nguva dzakasiyana kunopa mamwe matambudziko.Nokudaro, musangano wechipiri wakapfupisa chikamu chega chega kusvika kuawa imwe, yakarerutsa zvidzidzo zvekosi, yakawedzera zvidzidzo zvenyaya, uye yakagadzira mapurogiramu ebhoilerplate aibvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vapedze macode snippets nekushoma debugging (Bhokisi 1).Mhinduro huru kubva kuchipiri iteration yaisanganisira mhinduro yakanaka pazviitwa zvehurongwa uye chikumbiro chekuratidzira kuronga kwemuchina kudzidza chirongwa.Naizvozvo, muwekishopu yedu yechitatu, yakaitirwa vadzidzi vezvokurapa zana nemakumi maviri nevatanhatu muna Kurume-Kubvumbi 2021, takabatanidza mamwe maekisesaizi ekunyora kodhi nemapurogiramu emhinduro dzeprojekiti kuratidza kukanganisa kwekushandisa pfungwa dzewekishopu pamapurojekiti.
Data Analysis: Chikamu chekudzidza muzviverengero chinotaridza mapatani ane musoro mudata nekuongorora, kugadzirisa, uye kutaurirana mapatani edata.
Kuchera data: maitiro ekuona uye kubvisa data.Muchirevo chehungwaru hwekugadzira, izvi zvinowanzova zvakakura, nemhando dzakawanda dzemuenzaniso wega wega.
Dimensionality kudzikisira: Maitiro ekushandura data ane akawanda emunhu maficha kuita mashoma maficha uchichengetedza zvakakosha zveiyo yekutanga data set.
Hunhu (muchirevo chehungwaru hwekugadzira): zvinoyerwa zvimiro zvemuenzaniso.Kazhinji inoshandiswa zvakafanana ne "property" kana "variable".
Gradient Activation Mepu: Nzira inoshandiswa kududzira mamodheru ehungwaru (kunyanya convolutional neural network), inoongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa chikamu chekupedzisira chenetiweki kuona matunhu edata kana mifananidzo inofanotaura zvakanyanya.
Standard Model: Iyo iripo AI modhi iyo yakambodzidziswa kuita mabasa akafanana.
Kuedza (mumamiriro ezvinhu ehungwaru hwekugadzira): kucherechedza kuti modhi inoita sei basa uchishandisa data yayasati yambosangana nayo.
Kudzidzira (mumamiriro ezvinhu ehungwaru hwekugadzira): Kupa modhi ine data nemhedzisiro kuitira kuti modhi igadzirise maparamita ayo emukati kuti iwedzere kugona kwayo kuita mabasa uchishandisa data nyowani.
Vector: rondedzero yedata.Mukudzidza kwemichina, array element yega yega inowanzova yakasarudzika yemuenzaniso.
Tafura 1 inodonongodza kosi dzichangoburwa dzaKubvumbi 2021, kusanganisira zvinangwa zvekudzidza zvakanangwa pamusoro wega wega.Wekishopu iyi inoitirwa avo vatsva padanho rehunyanzvi uye haidi chero ruzivo rwemasvomhu kupfuura gore rekutanga redhigirii rekurapa.Kosi iyi yakagadziridzwa nevadzidzi vezvokurapa vatanhatu uye vadzidzisi vatatu vane madhigirii epamusoro muinjiniya.Mainjiniya vari kugadzira dzidziso yehungwaru yekudzidzira, uye vadzidzi vezvokurapa vari kudzidza zvinhu zvine chekuita nekiriniki.
Mawekishopu anosanganisira hurukuro, zvidzidzo zvenyaya, uye hurongwa hwekutungamirwa.Muhurukuro yekutanga, tinoongorora pfungwa dzakasarudzwa dzekuongorora data mune biostatistics, kusanganisira data visualization, logistic regression, uye kuenzanisa kwezvinotsanangura uye inductive statistics.Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwedata kuri hwaro hwehungwaru hwekugadzira, isu tinosiya misoro yakadai sekucherwa kwedata, kuyedzwa kwekukosha, kana kuona kwekudyidzana.Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekushomeka kwenguva uye zvakare nekuti vamwe vadzidzi vepasati vapedza kudzidza vaive nekutanga kudzidziswa mubiostatistics uye vaida kuvhara mamwe akasiyana ekudzidza muchina.Hurukuro inotevera inosuma nzira dzechizvino-zvino uye inokurukura magadzirirwo edambudziko reAI, zvakanakira uye zvipimo zvemhando dzeAI, uye kuyedzwa kwemhando.Hurukuro idzi dzinowedzerwa nemabhuku uye tsvakiridzo inoshanda pamidziyo iripo yehungwaru hwekugadzira.Isu tinosimbisa hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti tiongorore kushanda uye kugona kwemuenzaniso kugadzirisa mibvunzo yekiriniki, kusanganisira kunzwisisa miganhu yemidziyo iripo yehungwaru hwekugadzira.Semuenzaniso, takakumbira vadzidzi kuti vadudzire nhungamiro yekukuvara kwemusoro yevana yakatsanangurwa naKupperman et al., 5 iyo yakashandisa artificial intelligence decision tree algorithm kuti vaone kana CT scan ingabatsira zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwachiremba.Isu tinosimbisa kuti uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakajairika weAI inopa kufanotaura analytics kuti varapi vaturike, pane kutsiva vanachiremba.
Mune iyo iripo yakavhurika sosi bootstrap programming mienzaniso (https://github.com/ubcaimed/ubcaimed.github.io/tree/master/programming_examples), tinoratidza maitiro ekuongorora dhata rekuongorora, kuderedza chiyero, kurodha modhi, uye kudzidziswa. .uye kuedza.Isu tinoshandisa Google Colaboratory notebook (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA), iyo inobvumira Python kodhi kuti iitwe kubva pawebhu browser.Mumufananidzo 2 inopa muenzaniso wechirongwa chekugadzirisa.Ichi chiitiko chinosanganisira kufanotaura huipi uchishandisa Wisconsin Open Breast Imaging Dataset6 uye sarudzo yemuti algorithm.
Ipa zvirongwa muvhiki rese pane zvine chekuita misoro uye sarudza mienzaniso kubva yakaburitswa AI application.Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvinongosanganisirwa kana zvichionekwa sezvine chekuita nekupa nzwisiso mune ramangwana rekiriniki maitiro, senge maitiro ekuongorora mamodheru kuti aone kana akagadzirira kushandiswa mumiedzo yekiriniki.Iyi mienzaniso inoguma mune yakazara-yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo application iyo inoisa mapundu seasina kunaka kana akashata zvichibva pamifananidzo yekurapa.
Heterogeneity yeruzivo rwekare.Vatori vechikamu vedu vakasiyana padanho ravo reruzivo rwemasvomhu.Semuyenzaniso, vadzidzi vane huinjiniya hwemberi vari kutsvaga zvimwe zvakadzama zvinhu, zvakaita sekuita kwavo vega kushandurwa kweFourier.Nekudaro, kukurukura nezveFourier algorithm mukirasi hazvigoneke nekuti zvinoda ruzivo rwakadzama rwekugadzirisa zviratidzo.
Kupinda kubuda.Kupinda misangano yekutevera kwaramba, kunyanya mumafomati epamhepo.Mhinduro inogona kunge iri yekutevera kupinda uye nekupa chitupa chekupedzisa.Zvikoro zvekurapa zvinozivikanwa nekucherechedza zvinyorwa zvezviitiko zvevadzidzi zvekunze, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira vadzidzi kuita dhigirii.
Kosi Dhizaini: Nekuti AI inotenderera yakawanda subfields, kusarudza musimboti pfungwa dzekudzika kwakakodzera uye hupamhi kunogona kuve kwakaoma.Semuenzaniso, kuenderera kwekushandiswa kweAI zvishandiso kubva murabhoritari kuenda kukiriniki inyaya yakakosha.Nepo isu tichivhara data preprocessing, modhi kuvaka, uye kusimbiswa, isu hatibatanidzi misoro yakadai seyakakura data analytics, inopindirana kuona, kana kuitisa AI miyedzo yekiriniki, panzvimbo pacho isu tinotarisa pane akasarudzika eAI pfungwa.Nheyo yedu inotitungamirira ndeyekuvandudza kuverenga, kwete unyanzvi.Semuyenzaniso, kunzwisisa kuti modhi inoita sei zvinhu zvekupinda kwakakosha pakududzira.Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeye kushandisa gradient activation mepu, iyo inogona kuona kuti ndeapi matunhu e data anogona kufanotaurwa.Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda multivariate calculus uye hazvigone kuunzwa8.Kugadzira izwi rakafanana kwainetsa nekuti isu taiyedza kutsanangura mashandisirwo e data semavekita pasina masvomhu formalism.Ziva kuti mazwi akasiyana ane chirevo chakafanana, semuenzaniso, mu epidemiology, "hunhu" hunotsanangurwa se "kusiyana" kana "hunhu."
Kuchengeta ruzivo.Nekuti kushandiswa kweAI kwakaganhurirwa, mwero wekuti vatori vechikamu vanochengeta ruzivo unoramba uchionekwa.Makosi echikoro chekurapa anowanzo vimba nekudzokorora kwakapatsanurwa kusimbisa ruzivo panguva yekutenderera kunoshanda,9 iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuAI dzidzo.
Hunyanzvi hwakakosha kupfuura kugona kuverenga.Kudzika kwechinyorwa kwakagadzirwa pasina kuomarara kwemasvomhu, iro raive dambudziko pakutanga makosi ekiriniki muhungwaru hwekugadzira.Mumienzaniso yezvirongwa, tinoshandisa template chirongwa chinobvumira vatori vechikamu kuzadza minda uye kumhanya software pasina kufunga nzira yekumisikidza yakazara programming nharaunda.
Kunetsekana nezvehungwaru hwekugadzira kwakagadziriswa: Pane kushushikana kwakapararira kuti njere dzekugadzira dzinogona kutsiva mamwe mabasa ekiriniki3.Kuti tigadzirise nyaya iyi, tinotsanangura zvipimo zveAI, kusanganisira chokwadi chekuti anenge ese eAI matekinoroji anotenderwa nevatongi anoda kutariswa nachiremba11.Isu tinosimbisawo kukosha kwekurerekera nekuti maalgorithms anowanzo kune rusaruro, kunyanya kana iyo data set isina kusiyana12.Nekuda kweizvozvo, rimwe boka diki rinogona kuenzanisirwa zvisizvo, zvichitungamira kusarudzo dzekiriniki dzisina kunaka.
Zvishandiso zvinowanika pachena: Takagadzira zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa pachena, kusanganisira masiraidhi ehurukuro nekodhi.Kunyangwe kuwana kuchinjika zvirimo kwakaganhurirwa nekuda kwenzvimbo dzenguva, yakavhurika sosi yemukati inzira iri nyore yeasynchronous kudzidza sezvo hunyanzvi hweAI husingawanikwe kuzvikoro zvese zvekurapa.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Iyi musangano mubatanidzwa wakatangwa nevadzidzi vezvokurapa kuronga makosi pamwe chete nemainjiniya.Izvi zvinoratidzira mikana yekubatana uye mapundu eruzivo munzvimbo mbiri, zvichibvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vanzwisise basa ringaite ravanogona kupa mune ramangwana.
Tsanangura AI yakakosha kugona.Kutsanangudza runyoro rwehunyanzvi kunopa chimiro chakamisikidzwa chinogona kubatanidzwa mune iripo kugona-kwakavakirwa pakurapa curricula.Musangano uyu parizvino unoshandisa Manhanho eChidzidzo cheChidzidzo 2 (Kunzwisisa), 3 (Kushandisa), uye 4 (Ongororo) yeBloom's Taxonomy.Kuve nezviwanikwa pamazinga epamusoro ekuronga, sekugadzira mapurojekiti, zvinogona kuwedzera kusimbaradza ruzivo.Izvi zvinoda kushanda nenyanzvi dzekiriniki kuti vaone kuti misoro yeAI inogona kushandiswa sei kukiriniki yekufamba kwebasa uye kudzivirira kudzidziswa kwenyaya dzinodzokororwa dzakatosanganisirwa mune yakajairwa zvidzidzo zvekurapa.
Gadzira nyaya dzezvidzidzo uchishandisa AI.Zvakafanana nemienzaniso yekiriniki, kudzidza-kwakavakirwa pachiitiko kunogona kusimbisa pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki nekusimbisa kukosha kwavo kumibvunzo yekiriniki.Semuyenzaniso, imwe ongororo yewekishopu yakaongorora yeGoogle's AI-based Diabetic retinopathy yekuona system 13 kuona zvinonetsa munzira kubva murabhoritari kuenda kukiriniki, senge yekunze inosimbisa zvinodiwa uye nzira dzemvumo dzemitemo.
Shandisa ruzivo rwekudzidza: Unyanzvi hwetekinoroji hunoda kudzidzira kwakanangidzirwa uye kudzokororwa kunyorera kuti ugone, zvakafanana nezvinotenderera zvekudzidza zvevadzidzi vekiriniki.Imwe mhinduro ingangove yakachinjika mukirasi modhi, iyo yakashumwa kuvandudza kuchengetwa kweruzivo mudzidzo yeinjiniya14.Mumuenzaniso uyu, vadzidzi vanoongorora zvinhu zvedzidziso vakazvimirira uye nguva yekirasi inopihwa kugadzirisa matambudziko kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvenyaya.
Kuwedzera kune vatori vechikamu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana: Isu tinofungidzira kutorwa kweAI kunosanganisira kushandirapamwe pazvirango zvakawanda, kusanganisira varapi uye vanobatana nenyanzvi dzehutano vane mazinga akasiyana ekudzidziswa.Naizvozvo, makosi angangoda kugadzirwa mukubvunzana nevadzidzisi kubva kumadhipatimendi akasiyana kuti agadzirise zvirimo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutano.
Artificial intelligence ndeyepamusoro-tekinoroji uye iwo musimboti pfungwa dzine chekuita nemasvomhu nesainzi yekombuta.Kudzidzisa vashandi vehutano kuti vanzwisise hungwaru hwekugadzira kunopa matambudziko akasiyana mukusarudza zvemukati, kukosha kwekiriniki, uye nzira dzekutumira.Tinovimba kuti nzwisiso yakawanikwa kubva kuAI muDzidzo workshops ichabatsira vadzidzisi venguva yemberi kugamuchira nzira nyowani dzekubatanidza AI mudzidzo yekurapa.
Iyo Google Colaboratory Python script yakavhurika sosi uye inowanikwa pa: https://github.com/ubcaimed/ubcaimed.github.io/tree/master/.
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RH, PP, ZH, RS neMA vaive nebasa rekugadzira zvinyorwa zvekudzidzisa zvewekishopu.RH nePP vaive nebasa rekugadzira mienzaniso yekuronga.KYF, OY, MT uye PW ndivo vaitarisira kurongeka kwechirongwa cheprojekiti uye kuongororwa kwemashopu.RH, OY, MT, RS vaive nebasa rekugadzira manhamba nematafura.RH, KYF, PP, ZH, OY, MY, PW, TL, MA, RS vaiva nebasa rekunyora nekugadzirisa gwaro.
Kukurukurirana Mushonga kutenda Carolyn McGregor, Fabio Moraes, naAditya Borakati nemipiro yavo mukuongorora kwebasa iri.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-19-2024