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Nhanganyaya Masangano anotonga mazino muUK neIreland anoda kuti vanachiremba vemazino vave nehunyanzvi uye vave neruzivo, hunyanzvi uye hunhu hunoita kuti vakwanise kudzidzira zvakachengeteka vasina kutarisirwa. Nzira dzinoshandiswa nezvikoro zvemazino kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi dzinogona kusiyana uye kuchinjwa zvichienderana nekuchinja kwezvinotarisirwa nemasangano anotonga nematambudziko ari munharaunda yedzidzo. Saka, zvakakosha kuona kuti ndedzipi nzira dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye kuparadzira nzira dzakanakisisa dzinotsanangurwa mumabhuku.
Zvinangwa Kushandisa ongororo yekuongorora kuti uone nzira dzekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwemazino kubva mumabhuku akabudiswa, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hutsva, chikonzero chekuchinja, uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mhando uye kunaka kwekudzidzisa.
Nzira dzekuongorora. Nzira yekuongorora scoping yakashandiswa kusarudza nekuongorora zvinyorwa makumi mashanu nenomwe zvakaburitswa pakati pa2008 na2018.
Mhedzisiro. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hweruzivo uye kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekudzidza dziri paIndaneti kwakaita kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kweruzivo mukudzidzisa uye kwakakurudzira kudzidza kwakazvimirira uye kwega. Kudzidziswa kwevana vasati vatanga kudzidza kunoitwa mumarabhoritari ehunyanzvi hwekiriniki uchishandisa mannequin heads, uye zvimwe zvikoro zvemazino zvinoshandisawo ma virtual reality simulators. Ruzivo rwekiriniki runonyanya kuwanikwa mumakiriniki akasiyana-siyana nenzvimbo dzekudzidzisa dzinofamba-famba. Kusakwana kwevarwere vakakodzera, kuwedzera kwenhamba yevadzidzi, uye kudzikira kwevadzidzisi zvakashumwa kuti zvakakonzera kudzikira kweruzivo rwekiriniki mune dzimwe nzira dzekurapa.
Mhedziso Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwemazino pari zvino kunoita kuti vadzidzi vatsva vave neruzivo rwakanaka rwedzidziso, vakagadzirira uye vane chivimbo muhunyanzvi hwekutanga hwekurapa, asi vasina ruzivo mukutarisira kwakaoma, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekugadzirira kushanda vega.
Anoshandisa zvinyorwa uye anoratidza simba rezvinhu zvitsva zvakataurwa pakubudirira uye kushandiswa kwekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekurapa mazino muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekiriniki.
Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakaonekwa nevane chekuita nazvo maererano nenzvimbo dzekiriniki dzakati uko njodzi yekusagadzirira zvakakwana kwekurapwa kwakazvimirira yakataurwa.
Inobatsira kune avo vari mukugadzira nzira dzekudzidzisa padanho redhigirii rekutanga, pamwe chete nevaya vari mukubatana pakati pedhigirii rekutanga nekudzidziswa kwekutanga.
Zvikoro zvemazino zvinofanirwa kupa vakapedza kudzidza hunyanzvi neruzivo ruchavabatsira kudzidzira zvine hunyanzvi, netsitsi, uye vakazvimiririra vasina kutarisirwa, sezvakatsanangurwa muchikamu che "Kugadzirira Kudzidzira".
Dare reMazino reIrish rine Mutemo weKushanda unotsanangura zvarinotarisira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa.
Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yepurogiramu yepasi pekutanga munzvimbo imwe neimwe yakatsanangurwa zvakajeka, chikoro chega chega chemazino chine kodzero yekugadzira purogiramu yacho. Zvinhu zvakakosha kudzidzisa dzidziso yekutanga, tsika yakachengeteka yeunyanzvi hwekuvhiya usati wasangana nemurwere, uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemurwere ari pasi pekutarisirwa.
Vazhinji vevakapedza kudzidza muUK vanopinda chirongwa chegore rimwe chete chinonzi Foundation Training, chinotsigirwa neNational Health Service, kwavanoshanda muchikoro chakasarudzwa vachitungamirirwa neanonzi Head of Education (aimbove NHS Basic Patient Education Trainer in Primary Care Practice). . Vatori vechikamu vanopinda mazuva anosvika makumi matatu ekudzidza anodiwa pachikoro chevadzidzi vepashure pekudzidza chemunharaunda kuti vagodzidziswa zvakarongeka. Kosi iyi yakagadzirwa neDare reMadhinari neVatungamiriri vePostgraduate Dentistry muUK. 6 Kupedza kosi iyi zvinogutsa kunodiwa chiremba wemazino asati anyorera nhamba yemutambi uye kutanga kudzidzira kwaGP kana kupinda mubasa rechipatara mugore rinotevera.
MuIreland, vanachiremba vemazino vachangopedza kudzidza vanogona kupinda mumabasa ekurapa (GP) kana muchipatara vasina kudzidziswa kwakawanda.
Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi chekutsvagisa kwaive kuita ongororo yemabhuku ekuongorora nekutarisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwemazino ekiriniki padanho repamusoro muzvikoro zvemazino zveUK neIreland kuti vaone kana uye nei nzira itsva dzekudzidzisa dzakabuda, kana nzvimbo yekudzidzisa yachinja, maonero evadzidzisi nevadzidzi pakudzidzisa, uye kuti kudzidzisa kunogadzirira sei vadzidzi hupenyu hwekurapa mazino.
Zvinangwa zvechidzidzo chiri pamusoro apa zvakakodzera nzira yekutsvagisa ongororo. Ongororo yekuongorora ongororo chishandiso chakanakira chekuona huwandu hwezvinyorwa panyaya yakatarwa uye chinoshandiswa kupa ruzivo rwemhando nehuwandu hweuchapupu hwesainzi huripo. Nenzira iyi, mipata yeruzivo inogona kuonekwa uye nokudaro inopa mazano ekuongorora kwakarongeka.
Maitiro ekuongorora uku akatevera hurongwa hwakatsanangurwa naArksey naO'Malley 7 uye hwakagadziriswa naLevack et al. 8 Hurongwa uhwu hune hurongwa hune matanho matanhatu hwakagadzirirwa kutungamira vaongorori mudanho rega rega rekuongorora.
Saka, ongororo iyi yekuongorora ongororo yaisanganisira matanho mashanu: kutsanangura mubvunzo wekutsvaga (Danho 1); kuona zvidzidzo zvakakodzera (danho 2); kupa mhinduro (Danho 5). Danho rechitanhatu - kutaurirana - rakasiyiwa. Kunyange zvazvo Levac et al. 8 vachiona izvi sedanho rakakosha mukuongorora ongororo nekuti ongororo yevanotora chikamu inowedzera kuoma kwechidzidzo, Arksey et al. 7 vanofunga kuti danho iri harisi rekusarudza.
Mibvunzo yekutsvagisa inosarudzwa zvichibva pazvinangwa zveongororo, izvo ndezvekuongorora zvinoratidzwa mumabhuku:
Maonero evanhu vane chekuita nemabasa (vadzidzi, vadzidzisi vekiriniki, varwere) nezveruzivo rwavo pakudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekiriniki muchikoro chemazino uye kugadzirira kwavo kudzidzira.
Dhatabhesi reMedline All rakatsvagwa uchishandisa puratifomu yeOvid kuti rione zvinyorwa zvekutanga. Kutsvaga uku kwekutanga kwakapa mazwi akakosha anoshandiswa mukutsvaga kwakatevera. Tsvaga dhatabhesi reWiley neERIC (EBSCO) uchishandisa mazwi akakosha ekuti "dzidzo yemazino NEkudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekiriniki" KANA "kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekiriniki." Tsvaga dhatabhesi reUK uchishandisa mazwi akakosha ekuti "dzidzo yemazino NEkudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekiriniki" KANA "Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekiriniki" Journal of Dentistry neThe European Journal of Dental Education zvakatsvagwa.
Nzira yekusarudza yakagadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kusarudzwa kwezvinyorwa kwaienderana uye kwaive neruzivo rwaitarisirwa kupindura mubvunzo wekutsvagisa (Tafura 1). Tarisa runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa kuti uwane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakakodzera. Dhayagiramu yePRISMA iri muMufananidzo 1 inopfupikisa mhedzisiro yemaitiro ekusarudza.
Madhayagiramu edata akagadzirwa kuti aratidze zvinhu zvakakosha nezvakawanikwa zvinotarisirwa kuratidzwa muzvinhu zvakasarudzwa zvechinyorwa. 7 Zvinyorwa zvizere zvezvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa zvakaongororwa kuti zvionekwe dingindira.
Nyaya dzinosvika makumi mashanu nenomwe dzakasangana nezvinodiwa zvakatsanangurwa muchirongwa chekusarudza dzakasarudzwa kuti dzibatanidzwe muongororo yemabhuku. Rondedzero yacho inopihwa muruzivo rwekuwedzera rwepamhepo.
Nyaya idzi dzakabuda mubasa reboka revaongorori vanobva kuzvikoro gumi nechimwe zvemazino (61% yezvikoro zvemazino muUK neIreland) (Mufananidzo 2).
Nyaya makumi mashanu nenomwe dzakasangana nezvinodiwa zvekuongorora dzakaongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwemazino muzvipatara zvakasiyana. Kuburikidza nekuongorora zviri muzvinyorwa, chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chakaiswa muzvikoro zvinoenderana nazvo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nyaya dzacho dzakatarisa pakudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwemazino muzvikoro zvekiriniki chimwe chete. Dzimwe dzakatarisa hunyanzvi hwemazino kana mamiriro ekudzidza chaiwo ane chekuita nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekiriniki. Boka rinonzi "Zvimwe" rinomiririra rudzi rwechinhu chekupedzisira.
Nyaya dzakanangana nekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana uye kukudziridza maitiro ekufungisisa dzakaiswa pasi peboka re "Soft Skills". Muzvikoro zvakawanda zvemazino, vadzidzi vanorapa varwere vakuru mumakiriniki akasiyana-siyana anotarisa zvese zvine chekuita nehutano hwavo hwemuromo. Boka re "kutarisira varwere kwakazara" rinoreva zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura zvirongwa zvedzidzo yekiriniki munzvimbo idzi.
Panyaya dzezvekurapa, kugoverwa kwezvinyorwa zvekuongorora makumi mashanu nenomwe kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Mushure mekuongorora data, misoro mishanu mikuru yakabuda, imwe neimwe iine misoro midiki yakati wandei. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvine data pamusoro pemisoro yakawanda, senge ruzivo rwekudzidzisa pfungwa dzedzidziso uye nzira dzekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekiriniki hunoshanda. Misoro yepfungwa inonyanya kubva pakutsvagurudza kwakavakirwa pamibvunzo inoratidza maonero evatungamiriri vemadhipatimendi, vaongorori, varwere nevamwe vane chekuita nazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, dingindira repfungwa rakapa "izwi revadzidzi" rakakosha rine mazwi akananga muzvinyorwa gumi nematanhatu zvinomiririra mafungiro evadzidzi ve2042 (Mufananidzo 4).
Pasinei nekusiyana kukuru kwenguva yekudzidzisa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, pane kuenderana kukuru mukudzidzisa pfungwa dzedzidziso. Zvidzidzo, maseminari, nekudzidziswa zvakanzi zvakapihwa muzvikoro zvese zvemazino, zvimwe zvichishandisa kudzidza kwakavakirwa pamatambudziko. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji kusimudzira zvirimo (zvingangofinha) kuburikidza nenzira dzekuona nemaziso kwakaonekwa kuti kwakajairika muzvidzidzo zvetsika.
Kudzidzisa kwaiitwa nevashandi vezvedzidzo yekiriniki (vakuru nevadiki), vanachiremba vezvekurapa nenyanzvi dzezvekurapa (semuenzaniso vanachiremba vema radiation). Zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa zvakatsiviwa zvakanyanya nema portals epamhepo ayo vadzidzi vanogona kushandisa kuwana zvidzidzo zvekosi.
Kudzidziswa kwese kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa mazino usati watanga kurapwa kunoitika muPhantom Lab. Zvishandiso zvinotenderera, zvishandiso zvemaoko, uye michina ye x-ray zvakafanana nezviri kushandiswa mukiriniki, saka pamusoro pekudzidza hunyanzvi hwekuvhiya mazino munzvimbo inoedzesera, unogona kujairana nemidziyo, ergonomics, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemurwere. Unyanzvi hwekutanga hwekugadzirisa hunodzidziswa mugore rekutanga nerechipiri, zvichiteverwa ne endodontics, fixed prosthodontics uye oral surgery mumakore anotevera (gore rechitatu kusvika rechishanu).
Kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa kwakanyatsotsiviwa nemavhidhiyo anowanikwa nezvikoro zvemazino (VLEs). Vadzidzisi vanosanganisira vadzidzisi vekiriniki veyunivhesiti nevarapi vezvekurapa. Zvikoro zvakawanda zvemazino zvakaisa masimulators echokwadi chaiwo.
Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana kunoitwa pamusangano, vachishandisa vaunodzidza navo uye vatambi vanoratidzwa sevarwere vakaedzwa kuti vadzidzire mamiriro ekutaurirana vasati vasangana nemurwere, kunyangwe tekinoroji yemavhidhiyo ichishandiswa kuratidza maitiro akanakisa uye kubvumira vadzidzi kuti vaongorore mashandiro avo.
Munguva yekugadzirira kurapwa, vadzidzi vakabvisa mazino kubva mumitumbi yaThiel yakaomeswa kuti vawedzere kuoneka kwechokwadi.
Zvikoro zvizhinji zvemazino zvakagadzira makiriniki emhando dzakasiyana-siyana umo zvese zvinodiwa nemurwere zvinosangana mukiriniki imwe chete pane makiriniki akawanda emhando imwe chete, ayo vanyori vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa varwere vekutanga.
Vatariri vezvekurapa vanopa mhinduro zvichibva pakuita kwemudzidzi mumabasa ekurapa, uye kufungisisa kunotevera nezvemhinduro iyi kunogona kutungamira kudzidza hunyanzvi hwakafanana mune ramangwana.
Vanhu vari kutungamira "dhipatimendi" iri vangangove vakadzidziswa mushure mekupedza kudzidza mune zvedzidzo.
Kuvimbika padanho rekiriniki kwave kuchinzi kwavandudzika kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemakiriniki akasiyana-siyana muzvikoro zvemazino uye kugadzirwa kwemakiriniki madiki anozivikanwa senzvimbo dzekubatsira. Zvirongwa zvekubatsira vanhu chikamu chakakosha chedzidzo yevadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari: vadzidzi vegore rekupedzisira vanopedza kusvika 50% yenguva yavo mumakiriniki akadaro. Makiriniki ehunyanzvi, makiriniki emazino emunharaunda yeNHS uye nzvimbo dzechiremba wevanachiremba vaibatanidzwa. Vatariri vemazino vanosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwenzvimbo, pamwe nerudzi rweruzivo rwekiriniki rwakawanikwa nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuwandu hwevarwere. Vadzidzi vakawana ruzivo rwekushanda nevamwe vashandi vekuchengetedza mazino uye vakawana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenzira dzehunyanzvi. Mabhenefiti anotaurwa anosanganisira huwandu hwevarwere hwakakura uye hwakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzekubatsira vanhu zvichienzaniswa nemakiriniki emazino echikoro.
Nzvimbo dzekushandira dzechokwadi chechokwadi dzakagadzirwa senzira yekudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwepakutanga muzvikoro zvishoma zvemazino. Vadzidzi vanopfeka magirazi e3D kuti vagadzire nzvimbo yechokwadi chechokwadi chechokwadi. Zviratidzo zvekunzwa nenzwi zvinopa vashandisi ruzivo rwekuita uye nekukurumidza. Vadzidzi vanoshanda vakazvimiririra. Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekusarudza kubva, kubva pakugadzirira gomba riri nyore kune vanotanga kusvika kukorona uye kugadzirira bhiriji kwevadzidzi vane hunyanzvi. Mabhenefiti anonzi anosanganisira zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekutarisirwa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kugona uye kuderedza mari yekushanda zvichienzaniswa nemakosi echinyakare anotungamirwa nevatariri.
Computer Virtual Reality Simulator (CVRS) inosanganisa mayuniti echinyakare emusoro wepfungwa nemidziyo nemakamera einfrared nemakomputa kuti vagadzire mativi matatu ekuona zvinhu zviri mugomba, zvichifukidza kuedza kwemudzidzi nekudzidziswa kwakanaka pachiratidziro.
Midziyo yeVR/haptic inobatsira pane kutsiva nzira dzechinyakare, uye vadzidzi vanonzi vanosarudza musanganiswa wekutarisira uye mhinduro dzemakombiyuta.
Zvikoro zvizhinji zvemazino zvinoshandisa VLE kuti vadzidzi vakwanise kuwana zviwanikwa uye kutora chikamu muzviitiko zvepamhepo zvine mwero wakasiyana wekutaurirana, senge mawebhusaiti, tutorials, uye hurukuro. Mabhenefiti eVLE anonzi anosanganisira kuchinjika kukuru uye kuzvimiririra sezvo vadzidzi vachigona kuzvisarudzira nguva yavo, nguva nenzvimbo yekudzidza. Zviwanikwa zvepamhepo zvakagadzirwa nevabereki vezvikoro zvemazino pachavo (pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa munyika yese nepasi rese) zvakaita kuti kudzidza kuve kwepasi rose. Kudzidza kwe-e kunowanzo batanidzwa nekudzidza kwechivanhu (kudzidza kwakasanganiswa). Nzira iyi inofungidzirwa kuti inoshanda kupfuura chero nzira imwe chete.
Mamwe makiriniki emazino anopa malaptop anobvumira vadzidzi kuwana zvekushandisa zveVLE panguva yekurapwa.
Ruzivo rwekupa nekugamuchira kushoropodzwa kwehunyanzvi hunowedzera kubatanidzwa kwebasa revashandi pamwe chete. Vadzidzi vakataura kuti vari kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekufungisisa uye hwekutsoropodza.
Basa reboka risina kudzidziswa, uko vadzidzi vanoita maworkshop avo vachishandisa zviwanikwa zvinopihwa nechikoro chemazino cheVLE, rinoonekwa senzira inoshanda yekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuzvitonga uye hwekushandira pamwe hunodiwa pakudzidzira wega.
Zvikoro zvizhinji zvemazino zvinoshandisa mapotifoliyo (magwaro ekufambira mberi kwebasa) uye mapotifoliyo emagetsi. Mapotifoliyo akadaro anopa rekodhi yepamutemo yekubudirira uye ruzivo, anowedzera kunzwisisa kuburikidza nekufungisisa pane zvakaitika, uye inzira yakanaka yekuvandudza hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuzviongorora.
Kune kushomeka kwevarwere vakakodzera kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi hwekurapa. Tsananguro dzingangove dzinosanganisira kupinda kwevarwere vasingavimbike, varwere vane chirwere chisingaperi vane chirwere chidiki kana kuti vasina, varwere vasingatevedzere marapirwo, uye kutadza kusvika kunzvimbo dzekurapa.
Makiriniki ekuongorora nekuongorora anokurudzirwa kuwedzera mukana wekuti varwere vasvike. Nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kushushikana kuti kusashandiswa kwemamwe marapirwo ekurapa kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kana vadzidzi veFoundation vasangana nemarapirwo akadaro.
Kune kuvimba kuri kuwedzera pakati peGDP yenguva pfupi nevadzidzisi vekiriniki mukati mevashandi vekurapa mazino, nebasa revadzidzisi vakuru vekiriniki richiva vatariri uye vane mutoro wekutarisira nzvimbo dzakati wandei dzezvidzidzo. Nyaya dzinosvika 16/57 (28%) dzakataura nezvekushomeka kwevashandi vekiriniki padanho rekudzidzisa nehutungamiriri.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-29-2024