Kutevedzera muenzaniso chinhu chinozivikanwa zvakanyanya mudzidzo yezvekurapa uye chinobatanidzwa nemigumisiro yakawanda inobatsira vadzidzi vezvekurapa, zvakaita sekusimudzira kukura kwekuzivikanwa kwehunyanzvi uye kunzwa sekukosha. Zvisinei, kune vadzidzi vasina kumiririrwa zvakakwana mune zvokurapa nerudzi nerudzi (URiM), kuzivikanwa nevaya vanotevedzera muenzaniso wekiriniki kunogona kusaonekwa nekuti havana rudzi rwakafanana sehwaro hwekuenzanisa magariro evanhu. Chidzidzo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekudzidza zvakawanda nezvevaya vanotevedzera muenzaniso weURIM vari kuchikoro chekurapa uye kukosha kwevaya vanotevedzera muenzaniso.
Muchidzidzo ichi chekuongorora ruzivo, takashandisa nzira yekufunga kuti tiongorore ruzivo rwevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza muURiM nevadzidzi vanotevedzera mitemo muchikoro chekurapa. Takaita hurukuro dzakarongwa zvishoma nevadzidzi gumi veURiM kuti tidzidze nezvemaonero avo nezvevadzidzi vanotevedzera mitemo, kuti vanaani vaiva mienzaniso yavo panguva yechikoro chekurapa, uye kuti nei vachiona vanhu ava sevanhu vanotevedzera mitemo. Pfungwa dzine musoro dzakasarudza runyorwa rwemisoro, mibvunzo yekubvunzurudza, uye pakupedzisira makodhi ekubvisa pfungwa dzechikamu chekutanga chekunyora mitemo.
Vatori vechikamu vakapihwa nguva yekufunga nezvekuti muenzaniso chii uye kuti ndiani wavo. Kuvapo kwevaya vanotevedzera muenzaniso kwaisanyatsooneka sezvo vakanga vasati vambofunga nezvazvo, uye vatori vechikamu vaiita sevasingade uye vasina kugadzikana pavaikurukura nezvevamiririri vemuenzaniso. Pakupedzisira, vatori vechikamu vese vakasarudza vanhu vakawanda pane munhu mumwe chete semuenzaniso. Aya maenzaniso anoshanda basa rakasiyana: maenzaniso anobva kunze kwechikoro chekurapa, akadai sevabereki, vanovakurudzira kushanda nesimba. Kune vashoma maenzaniso ekurapa anoshanda semuenzaniso wehunhu hwehunyanzvi. Kushaikwa kwevamiriri pakati penhengo hakusi kushaya maenzaniso.
Tsvagiridzo iyi inotipa nzira nhatu dzekufunga patsva nezvevanhu vanotevedzera mudzidzo yezvekurapa. Chekutanga, yakabatanidzwa mutsika: kuva nemunhu anotevedzera hakusi pachena sezviri mumabhuku aripo pamusoro pevanhu vanotevedzera, ayo akavakirwa zvakanyanya pakutsvagurudza kwakaitwa muUnited States. Chechipiri, sechimiro chepfungwa: vatori vechikamu vaiita zvekutevedzera zvekusarudza, umo vaisava nemunhu anotevedzera zvekurapa, asi vaiona munhu wacho semufananidzo wezvinhu zvinobva kuvanhu vakasiyana. Chechitatu, vanhu vanotevedzera havangori nemaitiro chete asiwo vane kukosha kwekufananidzira, uye vekupedzisira vanonyanya kukosha kuvadzidzi veURIM sezvo vachivimba zvakanyanya nekuenzanisa kwevanhu.
Vadzidzi vemuzvikoro zvekurapa zveDutch vari kuramba vachiwanda mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana [1, 2], asi vadzidzi vanobva mumapoka asina kumiririrwa zvakanaka mune zvokurapa (URiM) vanowana mamakisi akaderera ekiriniki kupfuura mapoka mazhinji emadzinza [1, 3, 4]. Pamusoro pezvo, vadzidzi veURiM havawanzo kufambira mberi mune zvokurapa (zvinonzi "pipeline yemishonga inobuda" [5, 6]) uye vanowana kusava nechokwadi uye kuzviparadzanisa [1, 3]. Maitiro aya haasi eNetherlands chete: mabhuku anotaura kuti vadzidzi veURIM vanosangana nematambudziko akafanana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope [7, 8], Australia neUSA [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
Mabhuku edzidzo yeukoti anoratidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsigira vadzidzi veURIM, imwe yacho iri "muenzaniso wevashoma unooneka" [15]. Kune vadzidzi vekurapa kazhinji, kusangana nevanhu vanotevedzera mitemo kunobatanidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwavo hwebasa [16, 17], kunzwa kwekukosha mune zvedzidzo [18, 19], kunzwisisa purogiramu yakavanzika [20], uye kusarudza nzira dzekiriniki dzekugara [21,22, 23,24]. Pakati pevadzidzi veURIM kunyanya, kushaya vanhu vanotevedzera mitemo kunowanzotaurwa sedambudziko kana chipingamupinyi pakubudirira mune zvedzidzo [15, 23, 25, 26].
Zvichienderana nematambudziko anosangana nevadzidzi veURIM uye kukosha kunogona kuitwa nevaya vanotevedzera mitemo mukukunda (mamwe) matambudziko aya, chidzidzo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekuwana nzwisiso yezvakaitika kuvadzidzi veURIM uye zvavanofunga nezvevaya vanotevedzera mitemo kuchikoro chekurapa. Mukuita izvi, chinangwa chedu ndechekudzidza zvakawanda nezvevaya vanotevedzera mitemo yevadzidzi veURIM uye kukosha kwevaya vanotevedzera mitemo.
Kutevedzera mitemo kunoonekwa senzira yakakosha yekudzidza mudzidzo yezvekurapa [27, 28, 29]. Mienzaniso yemitemo ndeimwe yezvinhu zvine simba zvikuru "zvinopesvedzera [...] hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwevanachiremba" uye, nekudaro, "hwaro hwekushamwaridzana" [16]. Vanopa "sosi yekudzidza, kukurudzira, kuzvisarudzira uye nhungamiro yebasa" [30] uye vanorerutsira kuwanikwa kweruzivo rwechinyararire uye "kufamba kubva kunze kuenda pakati penharaunda" iyo vadzidzi nevagari vanoda kubatana nayo [16]. Kana vadzidzi vezvekurapa vasina kumiririrwa zvakanaka nerudzi uye nemadzinza vasingakwanise kuwana mienzaniso yekutevedzera muchikoro chezvekurapa, izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwavo kwehunhu hwebasa.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvevadzidzisi vekiriniki zvakaongorora hunhu hwevadzidzisi vekiriniki vakanaka, zvichireva kuti kana chiremba achiongorora mabhokisi akawanda, mukana wekuti ave muenzaniso wevadzidzi vekurapa [31,32,33,34]. Mhedzisiro yacho yave iri ruzivo rwakawanda nezvevadzidzisi vekiriniki semamodeli ehunhu hwehunyanzvi hunowanikwa kuburikidza nekutarisa, zvichisiya mukana weruzivo rwekuti vadzidzi vekurapa vanoziva sei mienzaniso yavo uye kuti nei mienzaniso yakakosha.
Nyanzvi dzedzidzo yezvekurapa dzinoziva zvakanyanya kukosha kwevaya vanotevedzera mukukura kwehunyanzvi hwevadzidzi vezvekurapa. Kunzwisisa zvakadzama maitiro ari pasi pevaya vanotevedzera kunoomeswa nekushaikwa kwekubvumirana pane tsananguro uye kushandiswa kusingawirirani kwemagadzirirwo ezvidzidzo [35, 36], zvinoshanduka-shanduka zvemhedzisiro, nzira, uye mamiriro ezvinhu [31, 37, 38]. Zvisinei, zvinowanzo gamuchirwa kuti zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvedzidziso yekunzwisisa maitiro ekuratidza muenzaniso kudzidza munharaunda uye kuziva mabasa [30]. Chekutanga, kudzidza munharaunda, chakavakirwa padzidziso yaBandura iyo vanhu vanodzidza kuburikidza nekucherechedza uye kuratidza [36]. Chechipiri, kuziva mabasa, zvinoreva "kukwezva kwemunhu kune vanhu vavanoona kufanana navo" [30].
Mundima yekukura kwebasa, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukutsanangura maitiro ekutevedzera mabasa. Donald Gibson akasiyanisa vanhu vanotevedzera mabasa kubva pamashoko ane hukama uye anowanzo shandurwana "behavioral model" uye "mentor," achipa zvinangwa zvakasiyana zvebudiriro kune vanhu vanotevedzera maitiro uye vanopa mazano [30]. Vanhu vanotevedzera maitiro avo vakatarisana nekutarisa nekudzidza, vanopa mazano vanoratidzwa nekubatanidzwa nekudyidzana, uye vanhu vanotevedzera maitiro avo vanokurudzira kuburikidza nekuzivana uye kuenzanisa magariro evanhu. Muchinyorwa chino, takasarudza kushandisa (uye kugadzira) tsananguro yaGibson yemunhu anotevedzera maitiro: "chimiro chepfungwa chakavakirwa pahunhu hwevanhu vane mabasa emagariro evanhu ayo munhu anotenda kuti akafanana naye neimwe nzira, uye tichitarisira kuwedzera kufanana kunoonekwa nekuenzanisa hunhu uhwu" [30]. Tsanangudzo iyi inoratidza kukosha kwekuzivikanwa kwevanhu uye kufanana kunoonekwa, zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvinogona kuitika kuvadzidzi veURIM mukutsvaga vanhu vanotevedzera maitiro avo.
Vadzidzi veURiM vanogona kunge vasina kurongeka nekuda kwetsananguro yavo: nekuti vari veboka revashoma, vane "vanhu vakafanana navo" vashoma pane vadzidzi vevashoma, saka vanogona kunge vaine mienzaniso mishoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, "vechidiki vashoma vanogona kazhinji kuva nemuenzaniso wevanhu vasingakoshese zvinangwa zvavo zvebasa" [39]. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti kufanana kwevanhu (kuzivikanwa kwevanhu, senge rudzi) kunogona kuve kwakakosha kune vadzidzi veURIM kupfuura kune vazhinji. Kukosha kwevamiriri vevanhu kunotanga kuoneka kana vadzidzi veURIM vachifunga nezvekunyorera kuchikoro chekurapa: kuenzanisa kwevanhu munharaunda yavo nevamiriri vevanhu kunoita kuti vatende kuti "vanhu vari munharaunda yavo" vanogona kubudirira [40]. Kazhinji, vadzidzi vevashoma vane muenzaniso mumwe chete wevanhu vanomiririra vanoratidza "kushanda kwepamusoro muzvidzidzo" kupfuura vadzidzi vasina mienzaniso kana kuti mienzaniso yekunze kweboka chete [41]. Kunyange zvazvo vadzidzi vazhinji musainzi, tekinoroji, engineering, uye masvomhu vachikurudzirwa nemuenzaniso wevashoma nevazhinji, vadzidzi vevashoma vari panjodzi yekuderedzwa simba nemuenzaniso wevazhinji [42]. Kushaikwa kwekufanana pakati pevadzidzi vechidiki nevaya vanotevedzera tsika dzekunze kweboka zvinoreva kuti havagone "kupa vechidiki ruzivo rwakananga nezve kugona kwavo senhengo dzeboka rakati remagariro" [41].
Mubvunzo wekutsvaga wekudzidza uku waive wekuti: Ndivanaani vaiva mienzaniso yekutevedzera kune vakapedza kudzidza muURiM panguva yechikoro chekurapa? Tichaparadzanisa dambudziko iri mumabasa madiki anotevera:
Takasarudza kuita chidzidzo chemhando yepamusoro kuti tibatsire kutsvaga chinangwa chedu chekutsvagisa, chaive chekudzidza zvakawanda nezvevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza veURiM uye kuti nei vanhu ava vachishumira semienzaniso. Nzira yedu yekutungamira pfungwa [43] inotanga yatsanangura pfungwa dzinowedzera kunzwa nekuita kuti ruzivo rwekare rwuonekwe uye hurongwa hwepfungwa hunokanganisa maonero evaongorori [44]. Tichitevera Dorevaard [45], pfungwa yekukurudzira pfungwa yakazosarudza runyorwa rwemisoro, mibvunzo yekubvunzurudzwa kwakarongwa zvishoma uye pakupedzisira semakodhi ekubvisa pfungwa muchikamu chekutanga chekunyora. Kusiyana nekuongorora kwaDorevaard kwakanyatsobvisa pfungwa, takapinda muchikamu chekuongorora, tichizadzisa makodhi ekubvisa pfungwa nemakodhi edata einductive (ona Mufananidzo 1. Chimiro chechidzidzo chakavakirwa papfungwa).
Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa pakati pevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza kuURiM paUniversity Medical Center Utrecht (UMC Utrecht) muNetherlands. Utrecht University Medical Center inofungidzira kuti pari zvino vadzidzi vekurapa vasingasviki 20% vanobva kunyika dzisiri dzekuMadokero.
Tinotsanangura vakapedza kudzidza veURiM sevaya vakapedza kudzidza kubva kumapoka makuru emadzinza ayo kare aisamiririrwa zvakakwana muNetherlands. Kunyangwe tichibvuma kusiyana kwemadzinza avo, "kushaikwa kwevamiriri vemadzinza muzvikoro zvekurapa" kuchiri chinhu chakajairika.
Takabvunzurudza vadzidzi vekare kwete vadzidzi nekuti vadzidzi vekare vanogona kupa maonero ekare anovabvumira kufungisisa nezvezvakaitika panguva yechikoro chekurapa, uye nekuti havasisiri mukudzidziswa, vanogona kutaura vakasununguka. Taidawo kudzivirira kuisa zvikumbiro zvakanyanya zvisina musoro kuvadzidzi veURIM payunivhesiti yedu maererano nekutora chikamu mukutsvagisa nezvevadzidzi veURIM. Ruzivo rwakatidzidzisa kuti hurukuro nevadzidzi veURIM dzinogona kuva dzinonetsa zvikuru. Nokudaro, takaisa pamberi kubvunzurudzwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakavanzika kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe uko vatori vechikamu vaigona kutaura vakasununguka pane kupatsanura data kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzakadai semapoka ekutarisa.
Muenzaniso wacho wakamiririrwa zvakaenzana nevarume nevakadzi vaibva kumapoka makuru emadzinza asina mukurumbira muNetherlands. Panguva yekubvunzurudzwa, vese vapinda vakapedza kudzidza kuchikoro chekurapa pakati pemakore 1 ne15 apfuura uye parizvino vaive vagari vemo kana kuti vachishanda senyanzvi dzezvekurapa.
Achishandisa snowball sampling ine chinangwa, munyori wekutanga akataura nevanhu gumi nevashanu vakapedza kudzidza veURiM avo vakanga vasati vamboshanda pamwe chete neUMC Utrecht netsamba yeemail, gumi vavo vakabvuma kubvunzurudzwa. Kuwana vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza kubva munharaunda diki yaitove yakagadzirira kutora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi kwaive kwakaoma. Vashanu vakapedza kudzidza vakati vaisada kubvunzurudzwa sevanhu vashoma. Munyori wekutanga akaita kubvunzurudzwa kwevanhu paUMC Utrecht kana panzvimbo dzebasa dzevadzidzi. Rondedzero yemisoro (ona Mufananidzo 1: Concept-Driven Research Design) yakaronga kubvunzurudzwa, ichisiya mukana wevatori vechikamu wekugadzira misoro mitsva nekubvunza mibvunzo. Kubvunzurudzwa kwaitora paavhareji kwemaminitsi angangoita makumi matanhatu.
Takabvunza vatori vechikamu nezvevanhu vavanotevedzera pakutanga kwekubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga uye takaona kuti kuvapo nekukurukurirana kwevanhu vanomiririra kwakanga kusiri pachena uye kwaive kwakaoma kupfuura zvataitarisira. Kuti tivake hukama ("chinhu chakakosha chekubvunzurudzwa" chinosanganisira "kuvimbana nekuremekedza munhu ari kubvunzurudzwa neruzivo rwavari kugovera") [46], takawedzera musoro wekuti "kuzvitsanangura" pakutanga kwekubvunzurudzwa. Izvi zvichabvumira hurukuro uye kugadzira mamiriro akasununguka pakati pemunhu ari kubvunzurudzwa nemumwe munhu tisati taenda kunyaya dzinonetsa.
Mushure mekubvunzurudzwa gumi, takapedza kuunganidza data. Kuongororwa kweongororo iyi kunoita kuti zviome kuziva kuti data rakanyatsojeka rakasvika papi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwenyaya dziri pamusoro apa, mhinduro dzinogara dzichibuda dzakava pachena kuvanyori vaibvunzurudza pakutanga. Mushure mekukurukura kubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga kwevasere nevanyori vechitatu nevechina, zvakasarudzwa kuti pave nekubvunzurudzwa kwevaviri, asi izvi hazvina kupa pfungwa itsva. Takashandisa marekodhi ekuteerera kunyora kubvunzurudzwa shoko neshoko—marekodhi haana kudzoserwa kune vatori vechikamu.
Vatori vechikamu vakapihwa mazita emakodhi (R1 kusvika R10) kuti vanyore data racho zita rekuti "zita revamwe". Zvinyorwa zvinoongororwa muzvikamu zvitatu:
Kutanga, takaronga data nemusoro wenyaya yekubvunzurudzwa, izvo zvaive nyore nekuti kunzwisisa, misoro yekubvunzurudzwa, nemibvunzo yekubvunzurudzwa zvaive zvakafanana. Izvi zvakaguma nezvikamu zvisere zvine mhinduro dzemumwe nemumwe wevatori vechikamu pamusoro wenyaya yacho.
Takabva tanyora data racho tichishandisa makodhi ekubvisa ruzivo. Data rakanga risingaenderane nemakodhi ekubvisa ruzivo rakaiswa kumakodhi ekubvisa ruzivo uye rakaonekwa sedingindira rakaonekwa mukuita kwekudzokorora [47] umo munyori wekutanga akakurukura kufambira mberi vhiki nevhiki nevanyori vechitatu nevechina kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Munguva yemisangano iyi, vanyori vakakurukura zvinyorwa zvemunda nenyaya dzekunyora ruzivo rwakakanganisika, uye vakafungawo nezvenyaya dzekusarudza makodhi ekubvisa ruzivo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dingindira nhatu dzakabuda: hupenyu hwevadzidzi nekutamiswa, kuzivikanwa kwetsika mbiri, uye kushomeka kwekusiyana kwemarudzi muchikoro chekurapa.
Pakupedzisira, takapfupikisa zvikamu zvakaiswa makodhi, takawedzera mashoko, uye takazvironga nemusoro wenyaya. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive ongororo yakadzama yakatibvumira kuwana mapatani ekupindura mibvunzo yedu midiki: Vatori vechikamu vanowana sei mienzaniso, ndivanaani vaiva mienzaniso yavo kuchikoro chekurapa, uye nei vanhu ava vaiva mienzaniso yavo? Vatori vechikamu havana kupa mhinduro pamusoro pemhedzisiro yeongororo.
Takabvunzurudza vadzidzi gumi vakapedza kudzidza paURiM kubva kuchikoro chekurapa muNetherlands kuti tidzidze zvakawanda nezvevanhu vavanotevedzera panguva yechikoro chekurapa. Zvakabuda muongororo yedu zvakakamurwa kuita dingindira nhatu (tsananguro yemunhu anogona kutevedzera, vanhu vaanogona kutevedzera, uye kugona kwake kutevedzera).
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa mutsanangudzo yemuenzaniso wekutevedzera ndeizvi: kuenzanisa munharaunda (maitiro ekuwana kufanana pakati pemunhu nemuenzaniso wake), kuyemura (kuremekedza mumwe munhu), uye kutevedzera (chido chekutevedzera kana kuwana maitiro akati.) kana hunyanzvi)). Pasi apa pane chirevo chine zvinhu zvekuyemura nekutevedzera.
Chechipiri, takaona kuti vese vakapinda muchirongwa vakatsanangura zvinhu zvinoenderana nepfungwa dzavo uye zvinochinja-chinja pakutevedzera muenzaniso. Zvinhu izvi zvinotsanangura kuti vanhu havana muenzaniso mumwe chete wakasimba, asi vanhu vakasiyana vane mienzaniso yakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana. Pazasi pane mashoko anobva kune mumwe wevatori vechikamu anotsanangura kuti mienzaniso inoshanduka sei munhu paanokura.
Hapana kana mumwe chete akapedza kudzidza akakwanisa kufunga nezvemunhu anotevedzera muenzaniso. Patakaongorora mhinduro dzemubvunzo wekuti “Ndivanaani vanotevedzera muenzaniso wako?”, takawana zvikonzero zvitatu zvakaita kuti vaomerwe nekudoma vanhu vanotevedzera muenzaniso. Chikonzero chekutanga icho vazhinji vavo vanopa ndechekuti havana kumbobvira vafunga nezvekuti vanhu vanotevedzera muenzaniso wavo ndivanaani.
Chikonzero chechipiri chakaita kuti vatori vechikamu vafunge ndechekuti izwi rekuti "muenzaniso wekutevedzera" harina kufanana nemaonerwo avakaitwa nevamwe. Vadzidzi vakawanda vakatsanangura kuti zita rekuti "muenzaniso wekutevedzera" rakakura uye harishandi kune chero ani zvake nekuti hapana akakwana.
"Ini ndinofunga kuti ndezvekuAmerica chaizvo, zvakaita sekuti, 'Izvi ndizvo zvandinoda kuva. Ndinoda kuva Bill Gates, ndinoda kuva Steve Jobs. [...] Saka, kutaura chokwadi, ndakanga ndisina muenzaniso wandaitevedzera aizvikudza kudaro" [R3].
"Ndinoyeuka kuti panguva yekudzidziswa kwangu kwaive nevanhu vakati wandei vandaida kuva vakaita, asi izvi hazvina kudaro: vaive mienzaniso yekutevedzera" [R7].
Chikonzero chechitatu ndechekuti vatori vechikamu vakatsanangura kutevedzera mabasa senzira inoitika muchivande kwete sarudzo yekuziva kana yekuziva yavaigona kufungisisa zviri nyore.
"Ini ndinofunga kuti chinhu chaunobata nacho usingazive. Hazvina kufanana nekuti, "Uyu ndiye muenzaniso wangu uye izvi ndizvo zvandinoda kuva," asi ndinofunga kuti usingazive unopesvedzerwa nevamwe vanhu vanobudirira. Kupesvedzerwa". [R3].
Vatori vechikamu vaive nekatsika kekukurukura nezvevanhu vakaipa pane kutaura nezvevanhu vakanaka uye kugovana mienzaniso yevanachiremba vaisazoda kuva.
Mushure mekuzengurira kwekutanga, vakapedza kudzidza vakadoma vanhu vakati wandei vanogona kuva mienzaniso yekutevedzera muchikoro chekurapa. Takavapatsanura muzvikamu zvinomwe, sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 2. Muenzaniso wekutevedzera wevakapedza kudzidza muURiM panguva yechikoro chekurapa.
Vazhinji vevanhu vanozivikanwa kuti ndivo vanhu vanobva muhupenyu hwevadzidzi vekare. Kuti tisiyanise vanhu ava kubva kune vamwe vadzidzi vekuchikoro chekurapa, takakamura vanhu vanotevedzera muenzaniso muzvikamu zviviri: vanhu vanotevedzera muenzaniso vari kuchikoro chekurapa (vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, nevashandi vehutano) uye vanhu vanotevedzera muenzaniso vari kunze kwechikoro chekurapa (vanhu vanozivikanwa, vanozivikanwa, mhuri nevashandi vehutano). Vanhu vari muindasitiri). Vabereki).
Muzviitiko zvese, vanhu vakapedza kudzidza vanoyemurwa nekuti vanoratidza zvinangwa, zvishuwo, tsika netsika dzevakapedza kudzidza. Semuenzaniso, mumwe mudzidzi wezvekurapa akakoshesa zvikuru kuwana nguva yevarwere akataura kuti chiremba ndiye muenzaniso wake nekuti akaona chiremba achiwana nguva yevarwere vake.
Ongororo yemuenzaniso wevakapedza kudzidza inoratidza kuti havana muenzaniso wakakwana. Pane kudaro, vanosanganisa zvinhu zvevanhu vakasiyana kuti vagadzire mienzaniso yavo yakasiyana, yakaita seyekufungidzira. Vamwe vakapedza kudzidza vanongoratidza izvi nekutaura vanhu vashoma semuenzaniso, asi vamwe vavo vanotsanangura zvakajeka, sezvinoratidzwa mumashoko ari pazasi.
"Ndinofunga kuti pakupedzisira, vanhu vaunotevedzera vakafanana nemufananidzo wevanhu vakasiyana vaunosangana navo" [R8].
"Ndinofunga kuti muzvidzidzo zvese, mukudzidzira kwega kwega, ndakasangana nevanhu vainditsigira, une hunyanzvi hwekuita zvaunoita, uri chiremba akanaka kana kuti uri vanhu vakanaka, dai zvisina kudaro ndaizofanana nemunhu akaita sewe kana kuti une hunyanzvi hwemuviri zvekuti handingataure mumwe chete." [R6].
"Hazvina kufanana nekuti une muenzaniso mukuru une zita rausingazombofi wakakanganwa, zvakafanana nekuti unoona vanachiremba vakawanda wozvigadzirira muenzaniso wakanaka." [R3]
Vatori vechikamu vakaona kukosha kwekufanana pakati pavo nevanhu vavanotevedzera. Pazasi pane muenzaniso wemumwe munhu akabvuma kuti kufanana kwakati kuti chikamu chakakosha chekutevedzera.
Takawana mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvakafanana izvo vakapedza kudzidza vakaona zvichibatsira, zvakaita sekufanana mune zvepabonde, zviitiko zvehupenyu, tsika netsika, zvinangwa nezvishuwo, uye hunhu.
"Haufanire kufanana nemunhu waunotevedzera, asi unofanira kuva nehunhu hwakafanana" [R2].
"Ndinofunga zvakakosha kuva murume kana mukadzi sevanhu vanotevedzera mitemo yako—vakadzi vanondipesvedzera kupfuura varume" [R10].
Vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza havafungi nezverudzi rwakafanana senzira yekufanana. Pavakabvunzwa nezvemabhenefiti ekuwedzera ekuva nerudzi rwakafanana, vatori vechikamu vakazeza uye vakanzvenga. Vanosimbisa kuti kuzivikanwa uye kuenzanisa magariro evanhu zvine hwaro hwakakosha kupfuura rudzi rwakafanana.
"Ini ndinofunga kuti padanho rekusaziva zvinobatsira kana uine mumwe munhu ane mamiriro akafanana: 'Kufanana kunokwezva kufanana.' Kana uine ruzivo rwakafanana, une zvakawanda zvakafanana uye ungangove mukuru. teerera zvinotaurwa nemumwe munhu kana kuti uve nechido chakanyanya. Asi ndinofunga hazvina basa, chinonyanya kukosha ndicho chaunoda kuzadzisa muhupenyu" [C3].
Vamwe vatori vechikamu vakatsanangura kukosha kwekuva nemuenzaniso werudzi rumwe chete navo se "kuratidza kuti zvinogoneka" kana "kupa chivimbo":
"Zvinhu zvingadai zvakasiyana dai dzaive nyika isiri yekumadokero zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzekumadokero, nekuti zvinoratidza kuti zvinogoneka." [R10]
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-03-2023